Mastoiditis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Mastoiditis}} | {{Mastoiditis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MJ}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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=== Incidence === | === Incidence === | ||
Mastoiditis [[incidence]] is 1.2–6.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in developed countries.<ref name="pmid11852127">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vassbotn FS, Klausen OG, Lind O, Moller P |title=Acute mastoiditis in a Norwegian population: a 20 year retrospective study |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=237–42 |year=2002 |pmid=11852127 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Mastoiditis [[incidence]] is 1.2–6.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in developed countries.<ref name="pmid11852127">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vassbotn FS, Klausen OG, Lind O, Moller P |title=Acute mastoiditis in a Norwegian population: a 20 year retrospective study |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=237–42 |year=2002 |pmid=11852127 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Serious progressions appear more frequently in young children. | Serious progressions appear more frequently in young children. After using [[pneumococcal]] [[vaccination]], the rate of acute [[otitis media]] and mastoiditis decreased dramatically. However, these is a concern about rising [[incidence]], which is connected to inadequate [[antibiotic]] dosing in [[otitis media]], choice of [[antibiotics]], and increasing [[resistance]] of bacteria.<ref name="pmid18304656">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A |title=Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=629–34 |year=2008 |pmid=18304656 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== Age === | === Age === | ||
* Acute mastoiditis is most common in children under two years of age. <ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref> | * Acute mastoiditis is most common in children under two years of age. <ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The most common ages affected are 6–13 months, because in these ages ear infections are most common.<ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref> | * The most common ages affected are 6–13 months, because in these ages [[ear infections]] are most common.<ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== Gender === | === Gender === | ||
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* There is no racial predilection for mastoiditis. | * There is no racial predilection for mastoiditis. | ||
===Developing Countries=== | ===Developing Countries=== | ||
*Otitis media is most prevalent in developing countries, specifically Sub-Saharan West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.<ref name="pmid24453496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M |title=Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=15–24 |year=2014 |pmid=24453496 |pmc=3894142 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39637 |url=}}</ref> | *[[Otitis media]] and therefore mastoiditis, is most prevalent in developing countries, specifically Sub-Saharan West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.<ref name="pmid24453496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M |title=Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=15–24 |year=2014 |pmid=24453496 |pmc=3894142 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39637 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**The incidence of otitis media in the above countries is between two and eight times higher than the rest of the world. | **The incidence of [[otitis media]] in the above countries is between two and eight times higher than the rest of the world. | ||
*The following risk factors are more prevalent in developing countries, correlated to the increase in otitis media incidence:<ref name="LowyZhang2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lowy|first1=Franklin D.|last2=Zhang|first2=Yan|last3=Xu|first3=Min|last4=Zhang|first4=Jin|last5=Zeng|first5=Lingxia|last6=Wang|first6=Yanfei|last7=Zheng|first7=Qing Yin|title=Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media–A Meta-Analysis|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=1|year=2014|pages=e86397|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0086397}}</ref> | *The following risk factors are more prevalent in developing countries, correlated to the increase in [[otitis media]] [[incidence]]:<ref name="LowyZhang2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lowy|first1=Franklin D.|last2=Zhang|first2=Yan|last3=Xu|first3=Min|last4=Zhang|first4=Jin|last5=Zeng|first5=Lingxia|last6=Wang|first6=Yanfei|last7=Zheng|first7=Qing Yin|title=Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media–A Meta-Analysis|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=1|year=2014|pages=e86397|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0086397}}</ref> | ||
**Exposure to [[HIV]]. | **Exposure to [[HIV]]. | ||
**[[Malnutrition]] | **[[Malnutrition]] | ||
Revision as of 16:22, 30 June 2017
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
Mastoiditis incidence is 1.2–6.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in developed countries.[1] Serious progressions appear more frequently in young children. After using pneumococcal vaccination, the rate of acute otitis media and mastoiditis decreased dramatically. However, these is a concern about rising incidence, which is connected to inadequate antibiotic dosing in otitis media, choice of antibiotics, and increasing resistance of bacteria.[2]
Age
- Acute mastoiditis is most common in children under two years of age. [3]
- The most common ages affected are 6–13 months, because in these ages ear infections are most common.[3]
Gender
- Males and women are affected equally by mastoiditis.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for mastoiditis.
Developing Countries
- Otitis media and therefore mastoiditis, is most prevalent in developing countries, specifically Sub-Saharan West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.[4]
- The incidence of otitis media in the above countries is between two and eight times higher than the rest of the world.
- The following risk factors are more prevalent in developing countries, correlated to the increase in otitis media incidence:[5]
- Exposure to HIV.
- Malnutrition
- Large proportion of children under 5 years old in population.
- Higher chance of water contamination
References
- ↑ Vassbotn FS, Klausen OG, Lind O, Moller P (2002). "Acute mastoiditis in a Norwegian population: a 20 year retrospective study". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 62 (3): 237–42. PMID 11852127.
- ↑ Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A (2008). "Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (5): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013. PMID 18304656.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A (2012). "Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 76 (10): 1494–500. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002. PMID 22832239.
- ↑ Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (2014). "Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 15–24. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39637. PMC 3894142. PMID 24453496.
- ↑ Lowy, Franklin D.; Zhang, Yan; Xu, Min; Zhang, Jin; Zeng, Lingxia; Wang, Yanfei; Zheng, Qing Yin (2014). "Risk Factors for Chronic and Recurrent Otitis Media–A Meta-Analysis". PLoS ONE. 9 (1): e86397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086397. ISSN 1932-6203.