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==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
Lymphatic Filariasis is thought to have affected [[human]]s since approximately 1500-4000 years ago, though an exact date for its origin is unknown. The first clear reference to the disease occurs in ancient Greek literature, where scholars discuss diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis vs. diagnosis of similar symptoms that can result from [[leprosy]].
* In the 16th century, Jan Huygen Linschoten put an overall idea about filariasis during his trip to Goa. After that, more reports of the disease came out from Asia and Africa.  
 
* In 1866, Timothy Lewis continued what Jean-Nicolas Demarquay and Otto Henry Wucherer started 3 years before him when they detected microfilariae in hydrocele. Timothy made connection between these microfilariae and the elephantiasis when he discovered the presence of the microfilariae in the blood and urine.  
The first documentation of [[symptom]]s occurred in the 16th century, when Jan Huygen Linschoten wrote about the [[disease]] during the exploration of Goa. Soon after, exploration of other parts of Asia and Africa turned up further reports of disease symptoms. It was not until centuries later than an understanding of the disease began to develop.
* In 1876, Joseph Bancroft discovered the adult round worm which is responsible for filariasis and was named Wuchereria Bancrofti .
 
* In 1877, Patricj Manson described the life cycle of the arthropod vector causing the disease when he discovered the microfilariae in the mosquitoes. It was also the discovery of arthropod to be the vector. <ref name="titleLymphatic Filariasis Discovery">{{cite we|url=http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Lymphatic_filariasis/Discovery.htm|title=Lymphatic Filariasis Discovery |accessdate=2008-01-17 |format= |work=}}</ref>
In 1866, Timothy Lewis, building on the work of Jean-Nicolas Demarquay and Otto Henry Wucherer, made the connection between microfilariae and [[elephantiasis]], establishing the course of research that would ultimately explain the [[disease]]. Not long after, in 1876, Joseph Bancroft discovered the adult form of the worm, and finally in 1877 the life cycle involving an arthropod vector was theorized by Patrick Manson, who proceeded to demonstrate the presence of the worms in mosquitoes. Manson incorrectly hypothesized that the disease was transmitted through [[skin]] contact with water in which the mosquitoes had laid eggs. In 1900, George Carmichael Low determined the actual transmission method by discovering the presence of the [[worm]] in the proboscis of the [[mosquito]] vector.<ref name="titleLymphatic Filariasis Discovery">{{cite we|url=http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Lymphatic_filariasis/Discovery.htm|title=Lymphatic Filariasis Discovery |accessdate=2008-01-17 |format= |work=}}</ref>
* In 1900, George Carmichael described how the disease is transmitted when he discovered the presence of the worm in the mosquito vector.
 
* In 1915. Dr. Rodolfo Robles Valverde made a study of patients of river blindness in Guatemala. This study resulted in discovery of O. volvulus as the filaria causing the disease. <ref>ROBLES R. Enfermedad nueva en Guatemala. La Juventud Médica 1917; 17: 97-115.</ref>
In 1915, Dr. Rodolfo Robles Valverde's study on patients with [[river blindness]] in Guatemala led to the discovery that the disease is caused by filaria of ''O. volvulus'', and sheds light on the life cycle and transmission of the parasite.<ref>Marty AM, Duke BOL, Neafie RC. Onchocerciasis in Meyers, W., Neafie, RC; Marty AM; Wear DJ. Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Volume 1 Helminths, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, ISBN 1-88101041-65-4, 2000 p. 287 - 306 (17)</ref>Using case studies of coffee plantation workers in Guatemala, Robles hypothesized the [[vector]] of the disease is a day-biting [[insect]], and more specifically, two anthropophilic species of [[Simulium]] flies found to be [[endemic]] to the areas. He published his findings on a new [[disease]] from Guatemala associated with [[subcutaneous]] [[nodule]]s, [[anterior]] ocular ([[eye]]) lesions, [[dermatitis]], and microfilariae in 1917.<ref>ROBLES R. Enfermedad nueva en Guatemala. La Juventud Médica 1917; 17: 97-115.</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}



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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Lymphatic Filariasis is thought to have affected humans since approximately 1500-4000 years ago and the first documentation of symptoms occurred in the 16th century, when Jan Huygen Linschoten wrote about the disease during the exploration of Goa. Dr. Rodolfo Robles Valverde's study on patients with river blindness in Guatemala led to the discovery that the disease is caused by filaria of O. volvulus, and sheds light on the life cycle and transmission of the parasite.

Historical Perspective

  • In the 16th century, Jan Huygen Linschoten put an overall idea about filariasis during his trip to Goa. After that, more reports of the disease came out from Asia and Africa.
  • In 1866, Timothy Lewis continued what Jean-Nicolas Demarquay and Otto Henry Wucherer started 3 years before him when they detected microfilariae in hydrocele. Timothy made connection between these microfilariae and the elephantiasis when he discovered the presence of the microfilariae in the blood and urine.
  • In 1876, Joseph Bancroft discovered the adult round worm which is responsible for filariasis and was named Wuchereria Bancrofti .
  • In 1877, Patricj Manson described the life cycle of the arthropod vector causing the disease when he discovered the microfilariae in the mosquitoes. It was also the discovery of arthropod to be the vector. [1]
  • In 1900, George Carmichael described how the disease is transmitted when he discovered the presence of the worm in the mosquito vector.
  • In 1915. Dr. Rodolfo Robles Valverde made a study of patients of river blindness in Guatemala. This study resulted in discovery of O. volvulus as the filaria causing the disease. [2]
  1. Template:Cite we
  2. ROBLES R. Enfermedad nueva en Guatemala. La Juventud Médica 1917; 17: 97-115.


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