Diabetes mellitus type 1 physical examination

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Case #1

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Patient Information Type 1 Type 2
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Physical Examination

Examination findings	Classic new onset	Diabetic ketoacidosis
Appearance of patient	Patient is usually well appearing
Vital Signs	Pulse rate- Normal Temperature- Normal Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate- Normal Oxygen saturation- Normal Blood glucose level- Elevated	Pulse rate- Tachycardia with regular rhythm, weak volume Temperature- Normal or elevated Blood pressure- Low blood pressure Respiratory rate- Tachypnea Kussmal respirations may be present in late presentation Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low blood pressure Blood glucose level- markedly elevated
Skin	Skin examination is usually normal, but in some cases may reveal dry skin	Poor skin turgor
HEENT	HEENT examination is usually normal, in some cases eye examination may reveal opacity of lens(Cataract)	Dry Mucous membrane, eye appear sunken
Neck	Neck examination is normal
Lungs	Lungs examination is normal	Lungs examination is usually normal, but in some cases lung examination may reveal underlying triggering causes of diabetes ketoacidosis eg: pneumonia
Heart	Heart examination is normal	Heart examination is usually normal
Abdomen	Abdominal examination is normal	Abdominal tenderness may be elicited
Back	Back examination is normal	Back examination is usually normal
Genitourinary	Genitourinary examination is usually normal	Genitourinary examination is usually normal
Extremities	Extremities examination is usually normal, some cases may elicit finding of decreased sensation in the extremities	Extremities examination is usually normal
Neuromuscular	Neuromuscular examination is usually normal,	Neuromuscular examination is usually normal