Diabetes mellitus type 1 causes

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Case #1

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Patient Information Type 1 Type 2
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

The exact cause of type 1 DM remains unknown. Studies have found that cause of Type 1 DM is the result of interactions of genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors:

Type 1 Diabetes causes
Genes associated with Type 1 DM	Candidate genes assoicated with type 1 diabetes are: PTPN22, IL10, AFF3, IFIH1, STAT4, CTLA4, CCR5, IL21, IL2, IL7R, BACH2, TNFAIP3, TAGAP, IKZF1, GLIS3, IL2RA, PRKCQ, NRP1, INS, BAD, CD69, ITGB7, ERBB3, CYP27B1, SH2B3, GPR183, DLK1, RASGRP1, CTSH, CLEC16A, IL27, ORMDL3, PTPN2, CD226, TYK2, FUT2, and UBASK3A
Envirnomental triggers associated with Type 1DM	Congenital rubella Maternal entero-viral infection Cesarean section Higher birth weight Older maternal age Low maternal intake of vegetables Enteroviral infection Frequent respiratory or enteric infections Abnormal microbiome Early exposure to cereals, root vegetables, eggs and cow's milk Infant weight gain Serious life events Persistent or recurrent entero-viral infections Overweight or increased height velocity High glycemic load, fructose intake Dietary nitrates or nitrosamines Puberty Steroid treatment Insulin resistance Psychological stress
Immunologic factors associated with Type 1 DM	Islet cell autoantibodies Activated lymphocytes in the islets, peripancreatic lymph nodes, and systemic circulation T lymphocytes that proliferate when stimulated with islet proteins Release of cytokines within the insulitis