Traveler's diarrhea pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*Humans and animals | *Humans and animals | ||
*Fecal-oral route*Contaminated meat, unpasteurized mild, cheese, vegetables, or water | *Fecal-oral route | ||
*Contaminated meat, unpasteurized mild, cheese, vegetables, or water | |||
*Exposure to infected animals | *Exposure to infected animals | ||
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| [[Salmonellosis|''Salmonella'' spp.]]|| | | [[Salmonellosis|''Salmonella'' spp.]]|| | ||
|*Gram-negative rod | | | ||
|*''S. typhi'': Humans only | *Gram-negative rod | ||
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*''S. typhi'': Humans only | |||
*Other ''Salmonella'' spp.: Humans and animals | *Other ''Salmonella'' spp.: Humans and animals | ||
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*Fecal-oral route | *Fecal-oral route | ||
*Contaminated raw egg shells, poultry, unpasteurized mild, cheese, vegetables, or water | *Contaminated raw egg shells, poultry, unpasteurized mild, cheese, vegetables, or water | ||
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*High inoculum sufficient for infection (inactivated by gastric acid) | *High inoculum sufficient for infection (inactivated by gastric acid) | ||
*Vi capsule endotoxin prevents opsonization and lysis | *Vi capsule endotoxin prevents opsonization and lysis | ||
*Spread through the reticuloendothelial system | *Spread through the reticuloendothelial system | ||
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| [[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]] | | [[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]] | ||
*Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus | | | ||
*Humans and animals | *Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus | ||
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*Humans and animals | |||
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*Fecal-oral route | *Fecal-oral route | ||
*Contaminated food, vegetables, and water | *Contaminated food, vegetables, and water | ||
*Fomites | *Fomites | ||
*Aerosol exposure | | | ||
*Aerosol exposure | |||
*Virus uses P2 subdomain for binding and HBGA for attachment on host cell | *Virus uses P2 subdomain for binding and HBGA for attachment on host cell | ||
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| [[Rotavirus infection|Rotavirus]] | | [[Rotavirus infection|Rotavirus]] | ||
*Double-stranded RNA virus | *Double-stranded RNA virus | ||
*Humans and animals | | | ||
*Humans and animals | |||
*Fecal-oral route | *Fecal-oral route | ||
*Fomites | *Fomites | ||
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*Poorly understood pathogenesis | *Poorly understood pathogenesis | ||
*Viral replication in villous epithelium of host small intestine | *Viral replication in villous epithelium of host small intestine | ||
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| [[Giardiasis|Giardia lamblia]] | | [[Giardiasis|Giardia lamblia]] | ||
*Anerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite | *Anerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite | ||
*Humans and animals | | | ||
*Humans and animals | |||
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*Ingestion of cysts in water or uncooked foods | *Ingestion of cysts in water or uncooked foods | ||
*Fecal-oral route | *Fecal-oral route | ||
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*Attaches to the epithelium by a ventral adhesive disc, and reproduces via binary fission | *Attaches to the epithelium by a ventral adhesive disc, and reproduces via binary fission | ||
*Usually luminal infection, no hematogenous spread | *Usually luminal infection, no hematogenous spread | ||
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| [[Amebiasis|''Entamoeba histolytica'']] | | [[Amebiasis|''Entamoeba histolytica'']] | ||
*Anaerobic parasitic protozoan with pseudopods | | | ||
*Humans*Rare (but present) in animals | *Anaerobic parasitic protozoan with pseudopods | ||
*Ingestion of cysts in water*Fecal-oral route | | | ||
*Humans | |||
*Rare (but present) in animals | |||
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*Ingestion of cysts in water | |||
*Fecal-oral route | |||
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*Excystation in the small intestine and migration to the large intestine | *Excystation in the small intestine and migration to the large intestine | ||
*Luminal and extraluminal infection, hematogenous spread common | *Luminal and extraluminal infection, hematogenous spread common | ||
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| Cryptosporidium | | Cryptosporidium | ||
*Spore-forming parasite| | | | ||
*Ingestion of oocytes in water*Fecal-oral route | *Spore-forming parasite | ||
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*Humans and animals | |||
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*Ingestion of oocytes in water | |||
*Fecal-oral route | |||
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*Minimally invasive, surface-level mucosal inflammation | *Minimally invasive, surface-level mucosal inflammation | ||
*Usually luminal infection, potential to infect biliary tree | *Usually luminal infection, potential to infect biliary tree | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Revision as of 17:42, 29 February 2016
Traveler's diarrhea Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Case Studies |
Traveler's diarrhea pathophysiology On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Traveler's diarrhea pathophysiology |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Traveler's diarrhea pathophysiology |
Overview
Pathophysiology
- The transmission and pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea is dependent on the infectious agent.
- The following table summarizes the natural reservoir, transmission, and pathogenesis of common infectious agents associated with traveler's diarrhea:
Infectious Agent | Characteristics | Reservoir | Common Mode of Transmission | Pathogenesis | |
E. coli (ETEC) |
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Campylobacter jejuni |
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Shigella spp. |
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Salmonella spp. |
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Norovirus |
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Rotavirus
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Giardia lamblia
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Entamoeba histolytica |
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Cryptosporidium |
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