Vulvar cancer risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Vulvar cancer Microchapters
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Overview

Known risk factors

• Human papilloma virus (HPV): Clinical survey shows HPV infection is thought to be responsible for up to half of vulvar cancers overall, and most of the cases that occur in younger women.
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Scientists found that HIV can damage the body's immune system and make women more susceptible to persistent HPV infections.
• Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): Clinical data suggest that women with VIN have an increased risk of developing invasive vulvar cancer.
• Lichen sclerosus (LS): Epidemiological data show about 4% of women with LS develope vulvar cancer later.
• Melanoma or atypical moles: Epidemiological data have verified that melanoma or atypical moles increase the risk of developing vulvar cancer.

Personal history of cervical, vaginal or anal cancer Women diagnosed with cancer of the cervix, vagina or anus have a higher risk of developing vulvar cancer. This may be because these cancers have similar risk factors, such as HPV infection

Possible risk factors

• Smoking

Studies suggest that smoking increases a woman’s risk of developing vulvar cancer.

• Personal history of melanoma

Studies suggest that women with a personal or family history of melanoma have a higher risk of developing melanoma of the vulva