Hydralazine (injection): Difference between revisions

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<small>'''''Synonyms / Brand Names:''''' </small>
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{{Hydralazine}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}


{{CMG}}
'''''For patient information about Hydralazine, click [[Hydralazine (patient information)|here]].'''''


==Dosing and Administration==
{{SB}}
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HYDRALAZINE<sup>®</sup>
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==Overview==
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'''Hydralazine''' ('''apresoline''') is a direct-acting [[smooth muscle]] relaxant used to treat [[hypertension]] by acting as a [[vasodilator]] primarily in [[arteries]] and [[arterioles]].  By relaxing [[vascular smooth muscle]], vasodilators act to decrease [[peripheral resistance]], thereby lowering [[blood pressure]] and decreasing afterload.<ref name=Harvey>Harvey, Richard A., Pamela A. Harvey, and Mark J. Mycek. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lipincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2000. 190.</ref>
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[http://www.pace-med-apps.com/gfrcalc.htm Calculate Creatine Clearance]
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[http://home.earthlink.net/~sensei11/convert.htm Convert pounds to Kilograms]
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==FDA Package Insert Resources==
However, this only has a short term effect on blood pressure, as the system will reset to the previous, high blood pressure necessary to maintain pressure in the kidney necessary for [[natriuresis]]. The long term effect of antihypertensive drugs comes from their effects on the pressure natriuresis curve.  
[[{{PAGENAME}} indications|Indications]]
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Nonsympatholytic nitrovasodilators.
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==FDA Package Insert==
[[{{PAGENAME}} contraindications|Contraindications]]
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[[{{PAGENAME}} side effects|Side Effects]]
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[[{{PAGENAME}} pharmacokinetics and molecular data|Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Data]]
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[[FDA label]]
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[http://google2.fda.gov/search?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&x=0&y=0&client=FDA&site=FDA&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDA&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=* FDA on {{PAGENAME}}]
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==Publication Resources==
====HYDRALAZINE tablet<sup>®</sup>====
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} Most Recent Articles on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}]
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[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+AND+%28%28N+Engl+J+Med%5Bta%5D%29+OR+%28Lancet%5Bta%5D%29+OR+%28BMJ%5Bta%5D%29%29 Articles on {{PAGENAME}} in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ]
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[[WikiDoc state of the art review on {{PAGENAME}}|WikiDoc State of the Art Review]]
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[http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&qt_s=Search&sa=N&tab=gp Textbook Information on {{PAGENAME}}]
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==Trial Resources==
'''  [[Hydralazine tablet indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
[http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} Ongoing Trials with {{PAGENAME}} at Clinical Trials.gov]
'''| [[Hydralazine tablet dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet warnings |Warnings]]'''
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+AND+%28randomized+controlled+trial%5BPublication+Type%5D+OR+%28randomized%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D+AND+controlled%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D+AND+trial%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%29%29 Trial Results with {{PAGENAME}}]
'''| [[Hydralazine tablet  precautions| Precautions]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine tablet description|Description]]'''
'''| [[Hydralazine tablet clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[Hydralazine tablet nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
'''| [[Hydralazine tablet how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[Hydralazine tablet labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


==Guidelines & Evidence Based Medicine Resources==
[http://www.guideline.gov/search/searchresults.aspx?Type=3&txtSearch={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&num=20 US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on {{PAGENAME}}]
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[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:({{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}) AND (Cochrane Database Syst Rev[ta])}} Cochrane Collaboration on {{PAGENAME}}]
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[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:({{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}) AND (Cost effectiveness)}} Cost Effectiveness of {{PAGENAME}}]
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==Media Resources==
[http://www.google.com/search?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+ppt&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a Powerpoint Slides on {{PAGENAME}}]
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[http://images.google.com/images?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wi Images of {{PAGENAME}}]
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[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-US%3Aofficial&hs=hPo&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+podcasts+OR+MP3&btnG=Search Podcasts & MP3s on {{PAGENAME}}]
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[http://video.google.com/videosearch?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&um=1&sa=N&tab=fv# Videos on {{PAGENAME}}]
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==Patient Resources==
====HYDRALAZINE injecton<sup>®</sup>====
[[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|Patient Information from National Library of Medicine]]
'''  [[Hydralazine injection indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+more:for_patients&cx=disease_for_patients&sa=N&oi=cooptsr&resnum=0&ct=col3&cd=1  Patient Resources on {{PAGENAME}}]
'''| [[Hydralazine injection warnings |Warnings]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection  precautions| Precautions]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
[http://groups.google.com/groups/search?ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&qt_s=Search Discussion Groups on {{PAGENAME}}]
'''| [[Hydralazine injection drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+more:patient_handouts&cx=disease_for_health_professionals&sa=N&oi=coopctx&resnum=0&ct=col1&cd=3 Patient Handouts on {{PAGENAME}}]
'''| [[Hydralazine injection description|Description]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
[http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wb Blogs on {{PAGENAME}}]
'''| [[Hydralazine injection how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
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'''| [[Hydralazine injection labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
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==Mechanism of Action==
[http://news.google.com/news?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wn {{PAGENAME}} in the News]
Although the precise mechanism of action of hydralazine is not fully understood, the major effects are on the cardiovascular system. Hydralazine apparently lowers blood pressure by exerting a peripheral vasodilating effect through a direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Hydralazine, by altering cellular calcium metabolism, interferes with the calcium movements within the vascular smooth muscle that are responsible for initiating or maintaining the contractile state.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET [PLIVA INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ddbbdb09-3202-42d7-bbb0-08331dde2f54 | publisher = | date =  | accessdate = 10 March 2014 }}</ref>
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==References==
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[http://finance.google.com/finance?ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&qt_s=Search&sa=N&tab=te {{PAGENAME}} in the Marketplace]
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==International Resources==
{{Reflist|2}}
[http://www.google.com/search?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+en+espanol&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a {{PAGENAME}} en Español]
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{{FDA}}


[[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

Revision as of 16:21, 11 March 2014

Hydralazine
HYDRALAZINE tablet® FDA Package Insert
Indications and Usage
Dosage and Administration
Contraindications
Warnings
Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Overdosage
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Nonclinical Toxicology
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Labels and Packages
HYDRALAZINE injection® FDA Package Insert
Indications and Usage
Dosage and Administration
Contraindications
Warnings
Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Overdosage
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Nonclinical Toxicology
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Labels and Packages
Clinical Trials on Hydralazine
ClinicalTrials.gov

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

For patient information about Hydralazine, click here.

Synonyms / Brand Names: HYDRALAZINE®

Overview

Hydralazine (apresoline) is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles. By relaxing vascular smooth muscle, vasodilators act to decrease peripheral resistance, thereby lowering blood pressure and decreasing afterload.[1]

However, this only has a short term effect on blood pressure, as the system will reset to the previous, high blood pressure necessary to maintain pressure in the kidney necessary for natriuresis. The long term effect of antihypertensive drugs comes from their effects on the pressure natriuresis curve.

Category

Nonsympatholytic nitrovasodilators.

FDA Package Insert

HYDRALAZINE tablet®

Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Contraindications | Warnings | Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Labels and Packages


HYDRALAZINE injecton®

Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Contraindications | Warnings | Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Labels and Packages

Mechanism of Action

Although the precise mechanism of action of hydralazine is not fully understood, the major effects are on the cardiovascular system. Hydralazine apparently lowers blood pressure by exerting a peripheral vasodilating effect through a direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Hydralazine, by altering cellular calcium metabolism, interferes with the calcium movements within the vascular smooth muscle that are responsible for initiating or maintaining the contractile state.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Harvey, Richard A., Pamela A. Harvey, and Mark J. Mycek. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lipincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2000. 190.
  2. ↑ "HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET [PLIVA INC.]". Retrieved 10 March 2014.
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