Yersinia pestis infection natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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If [[plague]] patients are not administered specific [[antibiotic]] therapy, the disease can progress rapidly to death. Approximately 14% (1 in 7) of all plague cases in the United States are fatal. | If [[plague]] patients are not administered specific [[antibiotic]] therapy, the disease can progress rapidly to death. Approximately 14% (1 in 7) of all plague cases in the United States are fatal. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
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*Septicemia | * [[Septicemia]] | ||
*Pneumonia | * [[Pneumonia]] | ||
*Meningitis | * [[Meningitis]] | ||
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*Gangrene of distal upper and lower extremities and tip of the nose due to small vessel thrombosis | * [[Gangrene]] of distal upper and lower extremities and tip of the nose due to small vessel [[thrombosis]] | ||
*Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) | * [[Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy]] ([[DIC]]) | ||
*Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | * [[Adult respiratory distress syndrome]] ([[ARDS]]) | ||
*Meningitis | * [[Meningitis]] | ||
*Pneumonia | * [[Pneumonia]] | ||
*Hepatic or splenic abscess | * Hepatic or splenic [[abscess]] | ||
*Endophthalmitis | * [[Endophthalmitis]] | ||
*Generalized lymphadenopathy | * Generalized [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
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*Septicemia | * [[Septicemia]] | ||
*Abscess formation | * [[Abscess]] formation | ||
*Cavitation | * [[Cavitation]] | ||
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<sup><center>Adapted from Koirala et al. Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. ''Infect Dis Clin N Am''.2006;20:273-87</center></sup> | <sup><center>Adapted from Koirala et al. Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. ''Infect Dis Clin N Am''.2006;20:273-87<ref name=Koirola>Koirala et al. Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. ''Infect Dis Clin N Am''.2006;20:273-87</ref></center></sup> | ||
==Prognosis== | |||
Despite being a treatable disease, plague is still associated with a high case fatality rate, often attributable to late recognition and inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Untreated bubonic plague has a case fatality of rate 50-60%, with proper identification and prompt treatment the case fatality decreases to around 7%.<ref name="pmid20151494">{{cite journal| author=| title=Human plague: review of regional morbidity and mortality, 2004-2009. | journal=Wkly Epidemiol Rec | year= 2009 | volume= 85 | issue= 6 | pages= 40-5 | pmid=20151494 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20151494 }} </ref> Untreated septicemia or pneumonic plague is almost universally fatal if untreated early on. Even with proper therapy the latter may lead to mortality rates as high as 50%. <ref name="mendel">Dennis DT, Mead PS. Yersinia species, including plague. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Churchill-Livingstone; 2009:chap 229.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 00:43, 26 July 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Serge Korjian, Yazan Daaboul
Overview
If plague patients are not administered specific antibiotic therapy, the disease can progress rapidly to death. Approximately 14% (1 in 7) of all plague cases in the United States are fatal.
Complications
Bubonic Plague |
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Septicemic Plague |
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Pneumonic Plague |
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Prognosis
Despite being a treatable disease, plague is still associated with a high case fatality rate, often attributable to late recognition and inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Untreated bubonic plague has a case fatality of rate 50-60%, with proper identification and prompt treatment the case fatality decreases to around 7%.[3] Untreated septicemia or pneumonic plague is almost universally fatal if untreated early on. Even with proper therapy the latter may lead to mortality rates as high as 50%. [4]
References
- ↑ Koirala J (2006). "Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 20 (2): 273–87, viii. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.004. PMID 16762739.
- ↑ Koirala et al. Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. Infect Dis Clin N Am.2006;20:273-87
- ↑ "Human plague: review of regional morbidity and mortality, 2004-2009". Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 85 (6): 40–5. 2009. PMID 20151494.
- ↑ Dennis DT, Mead PS. Yersinia species, including plague. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Churchill-Livingstone; 2009:chap 229.