Atelectasis causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Atelectasis}} {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Somal Khan, M.D. ==Overview== ==Causes== ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{WH}} {{WS}}")
 
 
(31 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Atelectasis}}
{{Atelectasis}}
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Somal Khan, M.D.
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Cherry}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
The most common cause of atelectasis is postoperative atelectasis, due to the effect of surgical manipulation or [[general anaesthesia]] on the patient. Obstructive atelectasis mostly develops due to blockage within the [[bronchiole]] or [[bronchus]], which may be within the [[airway]] (foreign bodies, mucus plugs), arising from the wall (tumors such as [[squamous cell carcinoma]]) or space occupying lesions within the [[thoracic cavity]] ([[tumor]], [[lymph node]], [[Tuberculosis|tubercle]]). Causes of non-obstructive atelectasis include impaired [[pulmonary surfactant|surfactant]] formation or activation, leading to alveolar collapse due to increased [[surface tension]].
==Causes==
==Causes==
[[Atelectasis]] may arise due to [[Obstruction|obstructive]] and non-obstructive causes.
=== Obstructive atelectasis ===
Common causes of obstructive atelectasis include obstruction by:<ref name="urlAtelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic">{{cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369684 |title=Atelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* Foreign bodies
* Tumors
* Mucus plugs
* Middle lobe syndrome<ref name="pmid16548837">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen HA, Lai SL, Kwang WK, Liu JC, Chen CH, Huang DF |title=Middle lobe syndrome as the pulmonary manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome |journal=Med. J. Aust. |volume=184 |issue=6 |pages=294–5 |year=2006 |pmid=16548837 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6611925">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosenbloom SA, Ravin CE, Putman CE, Sealy WC, Vock P, Clark TJ, Godwin JD, Chen JT, Baber C |title=Peripheral middle lobe syndrome |journal=Radiology |volume=149 |issue=1 |pages=17–21 |year=1983 |pmid=6611925 |doi=10.1148/radiology.149.1.6611925 |url=}}</ref>
=== Non-obstructive atelectasis ===
* Non obstructive atelectasis may occur due to the following reasons:<ref name="urlAtelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic">{{cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369684 |title=Atelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlAtelectasis | Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention">{{cite web |url=http://www.innerbody.com/diseases-conditions/atelectasis |title=Atelectasis &#124; Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Type of non-obstructive atelectasis
!Pathophysiology behind  atelectasis
|-
|Cicatrisation atelectasis
|Severe lung scarring caused by necrotizing [[pneumonia]] or [[Sarcoidosis|granulomatous diseases]]
|-
|Replacement atelectasis
|[[Lung]] infiltration
|-
|Adhesive atelectasis
|Diminished levels of [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant]]
Presents as [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|ARDS]]
|-
|Passive atelectasis
|Absence of contact between the [[Parietal pleura|parietal]] and [[Visceral pleura|visceral pleurae]] due to
* Fluid ([[pleural effusion]])
* Air ([[pneumothorax]])
* Blood ([[hemothorax]])
|-
|Rounded atelectasis
|Formation of fibrous bands which adhere the [[lung]] to the [[Pleural cavity|pleura]] in patients with [[asbestosis]]
|-
|Postoperative atelectasis
|Complication of [[surgery]] or [[Anesthesia|anaesthesia]] leading to decreased surfactant activity and dysfunction of the [[Thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]]
|}
===Common Causes===
The most common causes of atelectasis are:
* [[Anesthesia]]
* Foreign bodies
* [[Lung Disease]]: [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Lower respiratory tract infection|lower respiratory tract infections]]
* [[Mucus]] plug
* [[Pleural Effusion]]
* [[Tumors]]
* [[Blood clot]]
* Chest trauma
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Pneumothorax]]
* Scarring of lung parenchyma
* [[Acetaminophen]]
* [[Follitropin beta]]
* [[Urofollitropin]]
===Causes by Organ System===
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anesthesia]], [[Acetaminophen]], [[Follitropin beta]], [[Urofollitropin]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Mucus]] Plug
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Blood clot]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Tumors]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Lung Disease]], [[Pleural effusion]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pneumothorax]], Scarring of lung tissue
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Chest Trauma
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Foreign object in the airway
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
* [[Acetaminophen]]
* [[Anesthesia]]
* [[Blood clot]]
* Chest trauma
* [[Follitropin beta]]
* Foreign object in the airway
* [[Lung disease]]
* [[Mucus]] plug
* [[Pleural effusion]]
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Pneumothorax]]
* Scarring of lung tissue
* [[Tumors]]
* [[Urofollitropin]]
{{col-end}}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Radiology]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 15:03, 21 March 2018

Atelectasis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Atelectasis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Atelectasis causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Atelectasis causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Atelectasis causes

CDC on Atelectasis causes

Atelectasis causes in the news

Blogs on Atelectasis causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Atelectasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Atelectasis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]

Overview

The most common cause of atelectasis is postoperative atelectasis, due to the effect of surgical manipulation or general anaesthesia on the patient. Obstructive atelectasis mostly develops due to blockage within the bronchiole or bronchus, which may be within the airway (foreign bodies, mucus plugs), arising from the wall (tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma) or space occupying lesions within the thoracic cavity (tumor, lymph node, tubercle). Causes of non-obstructive atelectasis include impaired surfactant formation or activation, leading to alveolar collapse due to increased surface tension.

Causes

Atelectasis may arise due to obstructive and non-obstructive causes.

Obstructive atelectasis

Common causes of obstructive atelectasis include obstruction by:[1]

  • Foreign bodies
  • Tumors
  • Mucus plugs
  • Middle lobe syndrome[2][3]

Non-obstructive atelectasis

  • Non obstructive atelectasis may occur due to the following reasons:[1][4]
Type of non-obstructive atelectasis Pathophysiology behind atelectasis
Cicatrisation atelectasis Severe lung scarring caused by necrotizing pneumonia or granulomatous diseases
Replacement atelectasis Lung infiltration
Adhesive atelectasis Diminished levels of surfactant

Presents as ARDS

Passive atelectasis Absence of contact between the parietal and visceral pleurae due to
Rounded atelectasis Formation of fibrous bands which adhere the lung to the pleura in patients with asbestosis
Postoperative atelectasis Complication of surgery or anaesthesia leading to decreased surfactant activity and dysfunction of the diaphragm

Common Causes

The most common causes of atelectasis are:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Anesthesia, Acetaminophen, Follitropin beta, Urofollitropin
Ear Nose Throat Mucus Plug
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Blood clot
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Tumors
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Lung Disease, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Scarring of lung tissue
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Chest Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Foreign object in the airway

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Atelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic".
  2. ↑ Chen HA, Lai SL, Kwang WK, Liu JC, Chen CH, Huang DF (2006). "Middle lobe syndrome as the pulmonary manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome". Med. J. Aust. 184 (6): 294–5. PMID 16548837.
  3. ↑ Rosenbloom SA, Ravin CE, Putman CE, Sealy WC, Vock P, Clark TJ, Godwin JD, Chen JT, Baber C (1983). "Peripheral middle lobe syndrome". Radiology. 149 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1148/radiology.149.1.6611925. PMID 6611925.
  4. ↑ "Atelectasis | Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention".

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Atelectasis_causes&oldid=1455694"