Boerhaave syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Boerhaave syndrome}}
{{Boerhaave syndrome}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DM}} {{Ajay}} {{FT}} {{SHH}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Boerhaave syndrome]] (BHS) causes include [[Seizure|seizures]], severe [[straining]], [[vomiting]], [[child birth]], [[Iatrogenesis|Iatrogenic]], prolonged [[coughing]] or [[laughing]].
==Causes==
==Causes==
Unfortunately, in the present time, the most common cause of esophageal perforation is [[iatrogenic]]. However, it should also be noted that iatrogenic perforations, while still constituting a serious medical condition, are easier to treat and less prone to complications, particularly mediastinitis and sepsis. This owes to the fact that they usually do not involve contamination of the mediastinum with gastric contents.
The causes of BHS are as follows:<ref name="pmid2730190">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pate JW, Walker WA, Cole FH, Owen EW, Johnson WH |title=Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: a 30-year experience |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=689–92 |year=1989 |pmid=2730190 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26817229">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tullavardhana T |title=Iatrogenic Esophageal Perforation |journal=J Med Assoc Thai |volume=98 Suppl 9 |issue= |pages=S177–83 |year=2015 |pmid=26817229 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20833121">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chirica M, Champault A, Dray X, Sulpice L, Munoz-Bongrand N, Sarfati E, Cattan P |title=Esophageal perforations |journal=J Visc Surg |volume=147 |issue=3 |pages=e117–28 |year=2010 |pmid=20833121 |doi=10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2010.08.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23819141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Monu NC, Murphy BL |title=Intramural esophageal dissection associated with esophageal perforation |journal=R I Med J (2013) |volume=96 |issue=7 |pages=44–6 |year=2013 |pmid=23819141 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25155167">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aronberg RM, Punekar SR, Adam SI, Judson BL, Mehra S, Yarbrough WG |title=Esophageal perforation caused by edible foreign bodies: a systematic review of the literature |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=125 |issue=2 |pages=371–8 |year=2015 |pmid=25155167 |doi=10.1002/lary.24899 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18641013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wu HC, Hsia JY, Hsu CP |title=Esophageal laceration with intramural dissection mimics esophageal perforation |journal=Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=864–5 |year=2008 |pmid=18641013 |doi=10.1510/icvts.2008.181560 |url=}}</ref>


It is a pressure induced injury resulting from a acute increase in intraluminal pressure against a closed cricopharyngeus.
=== '''Life-threatening causes''' ===
* [[Seizures]]


Perforation typically occurs at the weakest point in the esophagus.
=== '''Common causes''' ===
*Usually the left lower esophagus below the diaphragm in adults
* [[Severe straining]]
*Usually into the right pleural cavity in very young patients
* [[Vomiting]]


Alcoholism and overindulgence in food and drink are primary risk factors. Both can lead to emesis, which is a major component of the classic presentation. There is no genetic predilection.
=== Less common causes ===
* [[Childbirth]]
* Prolonged [[coughing]] or laughing


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 01:58, 9 February 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Diab, MD [2] Ajay Gade MD[3]] Feham Tariq, MD [4] Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[5]

Overview

Boerhaave syndrome (BHS) causes include seizures, severe straining, vomiting, child birth, Iatrogenic, prolonged coughing or laughing.

Causes

The causes of BHS are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Life-threatening causes

Common causes

Less common causes

References

  1. Pate JW, Walker WA, Cole FH, Owen EW, Johnson WH (1989). "Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: a 30-year experience". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 47 (5): 689–92. PMID 2730190.
  2. Tullavardhana T (2015). "Iatrogenic Esophageal Perforation". J Med Assoc Thai. 98 Suppl 9: S177–83. PMID 26817229.
  3. Chirica M, Champault A, Dray X, Sulpice L, Munoz-Bongrand N, Sarfati E, Cattan P (2010). "Esophageal perforations". J Visc Surg. 147 (3): e117–28. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2010.08.003. PMID 20833121.
  4. Monu NC, Murphy BL (2013). "Intramural esophageal dissection associated with esophageal perforation". R I Med J (2013). 96 (7): 44–6. PMID 23819141.
  5. Aronberg RM, Punekar SR, Adam SI, Judson BL, Mehra S, Yarbrough WG (2015). "Esophageal perforation caused by edible foreign bodies: a systematic review of the literature". Laryngoscope. 125 (2): 371–8. doi:10.1002/lary.24899. PMID 25155167.
  6. Wu HC, Hsia JY, Hsu CP (2008). "Esophageal laceration with intramural dissection mimics esophageal perforation". Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 7 (5): 864–5. doi:10.1510/icvts.2008.181560. PMID 18641013.

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