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| {{familytree/start}}
| | [[Syncope]] is classified into three types: |
| {{familytree | | | | | | | A01 | | A01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 28em; padding:1em;">'''History and Physical Eexamination'''<br>
| | * [[Cardiac]] |
| Ask for [[urinary]] [[symptoms]] such as:<br>
| | * [[Neurogenic]] |
| ❑ [[Dysuria]]<br>
| | * [[Vasovagal syncope|vasovagal]] |
| ❑ [[Hematuria]]<br>
| |
| Physical Examination should asses for the presence of:<br>
| |
| ❑ [[Hypotension]]<br>
| |
| ❑ [[Pallor]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Edema]]<br>
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| ❑ Muffled [[heart sounds]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Swollen]] [[joints]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Organomaegally]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Lymphadenopathy]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Abdominal]] and [[pelvic]] examination<br>
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| :❑ Digital [[rectal]] examination<br>
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| :❑ [[Vaginal]] examination (in female)<br>
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| </div>}}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
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| {{family tree| | | | | | | B01 | | | | B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left;width: 28em; padding:1em;"> '''Laboratory Investigations'''<br>
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| Check for [[urinanalysis]] and [[urine]] cullture<br>
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| ❑ Midstream clean catch is preferred.<br>
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| ❑ Avoid the use of antiseptic solutions prior to collection.<br>
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| Check routine [[blood]] tests such as:<br>
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| ❑ [[Complete blood count]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Liver function test]]<br>
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| ❑ Renal function test<br>
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| Perform a [[vaginal]] swab in sexually active [[patients]]<br>
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| ❑ [[Chlamydia]]<br>
| |
| ❑ [[Gonorrhoea]]<br>
| |
| :❑ [[NSAIDs]]-associated with [[interstitial kidney disease]]
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| :❑ [[Penicillins]]-associated with [[renal papillary necrosis]] <br>
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| ❑ inquire about recent hospitalization-rule out [[ATN]]<br>
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| ❑ Inquire about recent trauma/surgery-rule out [[sepsis]]-look for [[fever]] and [[hypotension]]/rule out [[hemorrhage]] and [[hypovolemia]]<br>
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| ❑ Age factor-elderly people-rule out [[Benign Prostate hypertrophy]]/[[prostate cancer]]<br>
| |
| :❑ Elderly patient with bone pain-[[Multiple Myeloma]]? | |
| ❑ History of [[kidney stones]]<br>
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| ❑ Associated symptoms
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| :❑ Nasal stuffiness/[[epistaxis]]-suggest [[Wagener's Granulomatosis]]?
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| :❑ recent [[sore throat]]-streptococcal [[Glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| ❑ Social history-[[Alcohol]] use/[[tobacco]] use/drug abuse<br>
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| ❑ history of [[autoimmune]] disorders- [[Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus]], [[Good Pasture syndrome]] <br>
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| </div> }}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | C01 | | | | C01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left;width: 28em; padding:1em;"> '''Initial work-up''' <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><br>
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| ❑ Basic Blood
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| :❑ [[Full blood count]] with differentials
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| :❑ [[Blood glucose]]
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| :❑ [[Urea]] and [[electrolytes]]
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| :❑ [[Coagulation]] screen
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| :❑ Inflammatory markers
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| :❑ Urea/electrolytes
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| :❑ [[Liver]] function test
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| :❑ [[Calcium]] and [[phosphate]]
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| :❑ Blood culture if infection suspected
| |
| :❑ Arterial blood gases or venous [[bicarbonate]]
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| ❑ [[Urine]] analysis<br>
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| ❑ Urine microscopy/urine sediment/[[culture]]<br>
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| ❑ Renal [[ultrasound]]<br>
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| ❑ Chest radiograph<br>
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| ❑ [[ECG]] <br>
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| ❑ [[Renal biopsy]] may be indicated if intrinsic cause is suspected <br>
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| </div> }}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
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| {{family tree| | | | | | | B01 | | | | B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left;width: 28em; padding:1em;"> '''Draw a conclusion''' <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><br>
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| ❑ Treat any life threatening features first—[[shock]], [[respiratory failure]], [[hyperkalaemia]] <br>
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| ❑ Is this acute or chronic [[renal impairment]]?<br>
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| ❑ A full [[drug]] history (current, recent, and alternative medication) is vital<br>
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| ❑ Is there a pre‐renal cause? What is the patient's current fluid status?<br>
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| ❑ Could this be obstruction?<br>
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| ❑ Is [[intrinsic renal disease]] probable—what does [[urine]] analysis show? <br>
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| </div> }}
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| {{familytree/end}} <br>
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