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==Overview==
==Overview==
There is a significant difference in the [[epidemiology]] of [[chest pain]] in [[outpatient]] and [[emergency]] settings. The [[incidence]] of chest pain is approximately 1,500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. According to a study conducted in Belgium, the [[prevalence]] of [[chest pain]] is approximately 2000-5000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The [[incidence]] of [[patients]] presenting with chest pain increases with age and men are more likely to present with chest pain than women.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The incidence of chest pain is approximately 1,500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide<ref name="pmid29262011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29262011 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
 
*A crossectional study conducted in Germany and published in 2016, found the incidence of chest pain was estimated to be 700-3000 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide<ref name="pmid27453845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frese T, Mahlmeister J, Heitzer M, Sandholzer H |title=Chest pain in general practice: Frequency, management, and results of encounter |journal=J Family Med Prim Care |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=61–6 |date=2016 |pmid=27453845 |pmc=4943151 |doi=10.4103/2249-4863.184625 |url=}}</ref>.
*There is a significant difference in the [[epidemiology]] of [[chest pain]] in [[outpatient]] and [[emergency]] settings.
*The [[incidence]] of chest pain is approximately 1,500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. <ref name="pmid29262011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29262011 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*A [[cross-sectional study]] conducted in Germany and published in 2016, found the [[incidence]] of chest pain was estimated to be 700-3000 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. <ref name="pmid27453845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frese T, Mahlmeister J, Heitzer M, Sandholzer H |title=Chest pain in general practice: Frequency, management, and results of encounter |journal=J Family Med Prim Care |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=61–6 |date=2016 |pmid=27453845 |pmc=4943151 |doi=10.4103/2249-4863.184625 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Cardiovascular disease|Cardiovascular]] causes such as [[Myocardial Infarction|MI]], [[angina]], [[heart failure]], and [[pulmonary embolism]] account for 50,000 per 100,000 cases of chest pain seen in the emergency department. <ref> Buntinx F, Knockaert D, Bruyninckx R, de Blaey N, Aerts M, Knottnerus JA, et al. Chest pain in general practice or in the hospital emergency department: is it the same? Fam Pract. 2001;18:586-9</ref>
*In the outpatient setting, [[musculoskeletal pain]], [[Gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal]] causes, [[panic disorder]], and other [[Psychiatric Disorders|psychiatric conditions]] predominate. <ref>Buntinx F, Knockaert D, Bruyninckx R, de Blaey N, Aerts M, Knottnerus JA, et al. Chest pain in general practice or in the hospital emergency department: is it the same? Fam Pract. 2001;18:586-9</ref><ref>Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW. Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. J Fam Pract. 1994;38:345-52</ref>
*In the United States, [[Pulmonary|pulmonary causes]] account for 5,000 per 100,000 cases of chest pain<ref name="urlDiagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1115/p2012.html#afp20051115p2012-b4 |title=Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> in the emergency department with the main causes being [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pneumonia]], [[spontaneous pneumothorax]] and [[pleurisy]]. <ref>Cannon C, Lee T. Approach to the patient with chest pain In: Libby P, Bonow R, Zipes D, Mann D, editors. Braunwald’s heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8th ed. Saunders Elsevier: Philadelphia; 2007; p. 1195–1204</ref><ref name="pmid27380782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geyser M, Smith S |title=Chest pain prevalence, causes, and disposition in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Pretoria |journal=Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e1–5 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27380782 |pmc=4926718 |doi=10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1048 |url=}}</ref>
*Non-specific chest pain has an incidence of 16,000 per 100,000 cases. <ref name="urlDiagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1115/p2012.html#afp20051115p2012-b4 |title=Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*Approximately a quarter of the population experiences chest pain in some form during their lifetime. <ref name="pmid27380782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geyser M, Smith S |title=Chest pain prevalence, causes, and disposition in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Pretoria |journal=Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e1–5 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27380782 |pmc=4926718 |doi=10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1048 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8216586">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fothergill NJ, Hunt MT, Touquet R |title=Audit of patients with chest pain presenting to an accident and emergency department over a 6-month period |journal=Arch Emerg Med |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=155–60 |date=September 1993 |pmid=8216586 |pmc=1285980 |doi=10.1136/emj.10.3.155 |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
*According to a study conducted in Belgium, the prevalence of [[chest pain]] is approximately 2000-5000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. <ref name="pmid11989492">{{cite journal |vauthors=Knockaert DC, Buntinx F, Stoens N, Bruyninckx R, Delooz H |title=Chest pain in the emergency department: the broad spectrum of causes |journal=Eur J Emerg Med |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=25–30 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11989492 |doi=10.1097/00063110-200203000-00007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12858605">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick GD, Fass R |title=Noncardiac chest pain: evaluation and treatment |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=531–52 |date=June 2003 |pmid=12858605 |doi=10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00029-3 |url=}}</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] of chest pain in the office setting is approximately 1000-2000 per 100, 000 individuals worldwide. <ref> Klinkman M. Chest pain In: Taylor RRW, La Plante M, Pancotti R, editors. Manual of family practice. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia; 2002; p. 51–57</ref>
*The [[prevalence]] of non-traumatic chest pain in the emergency department is 1,660 per 100,000 individuals. <ref name="pmid27380782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geyser M, Smith S |title=Chest pain prevalence, causes, and disposition in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Pretoria |journal=Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e1–5 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27380782 |pmc=4926718 |doi=10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1048 |url=}}</ref>


===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
 
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
*The [[mortality rate]] of chest pain is approximately 3%. <ref>Ana Ruigómez, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Mari-Ann Wallander, Saga Johansson, Roger Jones, Chest pain in general practice: incidence, comorbidity and mortality, Family Practice, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2006, Pages 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmi124</ref>
*[[Patients]] with a [[myocardial infarction]] that presented without chest pain had a [[mortality rate]] of 23.3% compared with 9.3% in [[patients]] who had chest pain as a presentation. <ref name="urlPrevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Mortality Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction Presenting Without Chest Pain | Acute Coronary Syndromes | JAMA | JAMA Network">{{cite web |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/192825#:~:text=Myocardial%20infarction%20patients%20without%20chest,interval%2C%202.17%2D2.26%5D). |title=Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Mortality Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction Presenting Without Chest Pain &#124; Acute Coronary Syndromes &#124; JAMA &#124; JAMA Network |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
 
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[[Patients]] of all age groups may develop chest pain.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.  
*The [[incidence]] of [[Patient|patients]] presenting with chest pain increases with age; the median age being 53 years. <ref>Aguilera P, Altamirano R, Pineda N, Bellolio M, Alvizú S, Mardónez JM. 179: Disposition and final diagnosis of patients presenting with chest pain to an academic emergency department in Chile. Ann Emerg Med. 2009:54(3):S55 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.207</ref><ref>Henderson SO, Ostrzega E, Genna T, Matayoshi D, Alcocer L. Demographics, descriptions, diagnosis, and disposition of 1,677 chest pain patients in an indigent acute care hospital. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34(4):S105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-</ref>
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.


===Region===
*One retrospective descriptive study <ref name="pmid27380782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geyser M, Smith S |title=Chest pain prevalence, causes, and disposition in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Pretoria |journal=Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e1–5 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27380782 |pmc=4926718 |doi=10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1048 |url=}}</ref> found that 75% of [[patients]] presenting to the emergency department of a hospital in Pretoria were black but most of the [[patients]] with [[cardiovascular disease]] (51%) were white.
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].


*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
===Gender===


===Developed Countries===
*Men are more likely to present with chest pain than women.
*The female to male ratio is approximately 0.8 to 1. <ref>Ana Ruigómez, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Mari-Ann Wallander, Saga Johansson, Roger Jones, Chest pain in general practice: incidence, comorbidity and mortality, Family Practice, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2006, Pages 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmi124</ref>
*Women with a [[myocardial infarction]] are more likely than men to present without chest pain. This often leads to a missed [[diagnosis]].


===Developing Countries===


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


{{WH}}
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[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]

Latest revision as of 15:13, 15 February 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aisha Adigun, B.Sc., M.D.[2]

Overview

There is a significant difference in the epidemiology of chest pain in outpatient and emergency settings. The incidence of chest pain is approximately 1,500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. According to a study conducted in Belgium, the prevalence of chest pain is approximately 2000-5000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The incidence of patients presenting with chest pain increases with age and men are more likely to present with chest pain than women.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

Prevalence

  • Approximately a quarter of the population experiences chest pain in some form during their lifetime. [8][9]
  • According to a study conducted in Belgium, the prevalence of chest pain is approximately 2000-5000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. [10][11]
  • The prevalence of chest pain in the office setting is approximately 1000-2000 per 100, 000 individuals worldwide. [12]
  • The prevalence of non-traumatic chest pain in the emergency department is 1,660 per 100,000 individuals. [8]

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

Age

Race

  • One retrospective descriptive study [8] found that 75% of patients presenting to the emergency department of a hospital in Pretoria were black but most of the patients with cardiovascular disease (51%) were white.

Gender

  • Men are more likely to present with chest pain than women.
  • The female to male ratio is approximately 0.8 to 1. [17]
  • Women with a myocardial infarction are more likely than men to present without chest pain. This often leads to a missed diagnosis.


References

  1. ↑ Johnson K, Ghassemzadeh S. PMID 29262011. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Frese T, Mahlmeister J, Heitzer M, Sandholzer H (2016). "Chest pain in general practice: Frequency, management, and results of encounter". J Family Med Prim Care. 5 (1): 61–6. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.184625. PMC 4943151. PMID 27453845.
  3. ↑ Buntinx F, Knockaert D, Bruyninckx R, de Blaey N, Aerts M, Knottnerus JA, et al. Chest pain in general practice or in the hospital emergency department: is it the same? Fam Pract. 2001;18:586-9
  4. ↑ Buntinx F, Knockaert D, Bruyninckx R, de Blaey N, Aerts M, Knottnerus JA, et al. Chest pain in general practice or in the hospital emergency department: is it the same? Fam Pract. 2001;18:586-9
  5. ↑ Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW. Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. J Fam Pract. 1994;38:345-52
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain - American Family Physician".
  7. ↑ Cannon C, Lee T. Approach to the patient with chest pain In: Libby P, Bonow R, Zipes D, Mann D, editors. Braunwald’s heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8th ed. Saunders Elsevier: Philadelphia; 2007; p. 1195–1204
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Geyser M, Smith S (June 2016). "Chest pain prevalence, causes, and disposition in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Pretoria". Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 8 (1): e1–5. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1048. PMC 4926718. PMID 27380782.
  9. ↑ Fothergill NJ, Hunt MT, Touquet R (September 1993). "Audit of patients with chest pain presenting to an accident and emergency department over a 6-month period". Arch Emerg Med. 10 (3): 155–60. doi:10.1136/emj.10.3.155. PMC 1285980. PMID 8216586.
  10. ↑ Knockaert DC, Buntinx F, Stoens N, Bruyninckx R, Delooz H (March 2002). "Chest pain in the emergency department: the broad spectrum of causes". Eur J Emerg Med. 9 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1097/00063110-200203000-00007. PMID 11989492.
  11. ↑ Eslick GD, Fass R (June 2003). "Noncardiac chest pain: evaluation and treatment". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 32 (2): 531–52. doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00029-3. PMID 12858605.
  12. ↑ Klinkman M. Chest pain In: Taylor RRW, La Plante M, Pancotti R, editors. Manual of family practice. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia; 2002; p. 51–57
  13. ↑ Ana Ruigómez, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Mari-Ann Wallander, Saga Johansson, Roger Jones, Chest pain in general practice: incidence, comorbidity and mortality, Family Practice, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2006, Pages 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmi124
  14. ↑ "Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Mortality Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction Presenting Without Chest Pain | Acute Coronary Syndromes | JAMA | JAMA Network".
  15. ↑ Aguilera P, Altamirano R, Pineda N, Bellolio M, Alvizú S, Mardónez JM. 179: Disposition and final diagnosis of patients presenting with chest pain to an academic emergency department in Chile. Ann Emerg Med. 2009:54(3):S55 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.207
  16. ↑ Henderson SO, Ostrzega E, Genna T, Matayoshi D, Alcocer L. Demographics, descriptions, diagnosis, and disposition of 1,677 chest pain patients in an indigent acute care hospital. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34(4):S105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-
  17. ↑ Ana Ruigómez, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Mari-Ann Wallander, Saga Johansson, Roger Jones, Chest pain in general practice: incidence, comorbidity and mortality, Family Practice, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2006, Pages 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmi124


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