WBR0425: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "{{WBRQuestion |QuestionAuthor={{Rim}} |ExamType=USMLE Step 1 |MainCategory=Pharmacology |SubCategory=Reproductive |MainCategory=Pharmacology |SubCategory=Reproductive |MainCat...")
 
m (refreshing WBR questions)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{WBRQuestion
{{WBRQuestion
|QuestionAuthor={{Rim}}
|QuestionAuthor= {{YD}} (Reviewed by  {{YD}} and  {{AJL}})
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
Line 8: Line 8:
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|SubCategory=Reproductive
|SubCategory=Reproductive
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
Line 20: Line 21:
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|MainCategory=Pharmacology
|SubCategory=Reproductive
|SubCategory=Reproductive
|Prompt=An infant is brought by his mother to his physician’s office because she thinks her child “does not look like other children”.  Upon further questioning, the mother informs the physician that she did not follow-up with her obstetrician during pregnancy and continued all her medications during pregnancy.   On physical examination, the physician notes that the patient has fingernail hypoplasia. After appropriate evaluation, the physician tells the mother that her child’s abnormal appearance is due to the teratogenic effect of a medication during pregnancy. Which of the following conditions does the infant’s mother most likely suffer from before or during pregnancy?
|Prompt=A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office because his mother thinks that “he does not look like other children”.  The mother explains that she did not follow up with her obstetrician and continued all her prescribed drugs during pregnancy. Physical examination is remarkable for fingernail hypoplasia. Upon further evaluation, the physician informs the mother that her child’s abnormal appearance is most likely a result of the teratogenic effect of a drug she received during pregnancy. Which of the following diseases has this patient's mother suffered from before or during pregnancy?
|Explanation=[[Carbamazepine]] is the first line treatment for [[trigeminal neuralgia]]. It is also used to treat [[bipolar disorder]] and many [[types of seizures]].   There is sufficient evidence that carbamazepine has [[teratogenic]] effects.  Carbamazepine intake during pregnancy is associated with [[craniofacial]] [[defects]], [[fingernail hypoplasia]], and [[developmental delay]].  
|Explanation=[[Carbamazepine]] is the first line therapy for [[trigeminal neuralgia]]. It is also used to treat [[bipolar disorder]] and numerous [[types of seizures]]. Carbamazepine has [[teratogenic]] effects and administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of [[craniofacial]] [[defects]], [[fingernail hypoplasia]], and [[developmental delay]].
 
|AnswerA=Trigeminal neuralgia
Educational Objective:
|AnswerAExp=The first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is [[carbamazepine]], which is a [[teratogen]] associated with the development of finger hypoplasia.
Carbamazepine is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia.  Carbamazepine intake during pregnancy is associated with craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay.
 
References:
Lyons K, Lacro RV, Johnson KA, et al. Pattern of malformations in the children of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Eng J Med. 1989;320:1661-1666.
 
|AnswerA=Trigeminal Neuralgia
 
 
|AnswerAExp=The first line of treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is carbamazepine, a teratogen that may cause finger hypoplasia.
|AnswerB=Hypertension
|AnswerB=Hypertension
 
|AnswerBExp=[[Angiotensin II converting enzyme]] (ACE) inhibitors are among the first line therapeutic options for the management of [[hypertension]]. ACE inhibitors are teratogens that is associated with renal injury among newborns.
 
|AnswerBExp=Angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used to treat hypertension are teratogenic medications that can cause renal injury in the newborn.
|AnswerC=Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
|AnswerC=Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
 
|AnswerCExp=Patients who experience a venous thromboembolism (VTE) event, namely DVT and PE, are administered [[warfarin]] for anticoagulation. [[Warfarin]] is a teratogenic anticoagulant that is associated with bone deformities, ophthalmological abnormalities, and fetal hemorrhage.
 
|AnswerCExp=Patients who suffer DVT are required to be started on warfarin anticoagulation. Warfarin is a teratogenic anticoagulant that causes bone deformities, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and fetal hemorrhage.
|AnswerD=Acne vulgaris
|AnswerD=Acne vulgaris
 
|AnswerDExp=Isotretinoin is a vitamin A derivative that is indicated for the treatment of [[acne vulgaris]]. It is a teratogen that is associated with ear malformations, [[cleft palate]], limb reduction defects, cardiac abnormalities, and craniofacial bone anomalies.
 
|AnswerDExp=Vitamin A derivative, isotretinoin is used to treat acne vulgaris. It is a teratogenic that causes malformed ears, cleft palate, limb reduction defects, cardiac abnormalities, and craniofacial bone anomalies.
|AnswerE=Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
|AnswerE=Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
 
|AnswerEExp=[[Doxycycline]] is a tetracycline that is indicated for the management of [[rickettsial infections]], including [[RMSF]]. [[Doxycycline]] is a teratogenic antibiotic agent that is associated with teeth discoloration among children when administered to pregnant women or children < 8 years of age.
|AnswerEExp=Doxycycline, a tetracycline, is used to treat rickettsial infections, including RMSF. Doxycycline is a teratogenic antibiotic that causes discoloration of the teeth in children that might be permanent. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and in young children.  
|EducationalObjectives=Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay.
|References=Lyons K, Lacro RV, Johnson KA, et al. Pattern of malformations in the children of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Eng J Med. 1989;320:1661-6.<br>
First Aid 2014 page 492, 554
|RightAnswer=A
|RightAnswer=A
|WBRKeyword=fingernail, hypoplasia, carbamazepine, trigeminal, neuralgia, teratogen
|WBRKeyword=Fingernail hypoplasia, Carbamazepine, Trigeminal neuralgia, Teratogen, Pregnancy, Medication, Side effect, Drug, Adverse event, Adverse effect
|Approved=No
|Approved=Yes
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 00:31, 28 October 2020
Author [[PageAuthor::Yazan Daaboul, M.D. (Reviewed by Yazan Daaboul, M.D. and Alison Leibowitz [1])]]
Exam Type ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category MainCategory::Pharmacology
Sub Category SubCategory::Reproductive
Prompt [[Prompt::A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office because his mother thinks that “he does not look like other children”. The mother explains that she did not follow up with her obstetrician and continued all her prescribed drugs during pregnancy. Physical examination is remarkable for fingernail hypoplasia. Upon further evaluation, the physician informs the mother that her child’s abnormal appearance is most likely a result of the teratogenic effect of a drug she received during pregnancy. Which of the following diseases has this patient's mother suffered from before or during pregnancy?]]
Answer A AnswerA::Trigeminal neuralgia
Answer A Explanation [[AnswerAExp::The first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is carbamazepine, which is a teratogen associated with the development of finger hypoplasia.]]
Answer B AnswerB::Hypertension
Answer B Explanation [[AnswerBExp::Angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are among the first line therapeutic options for the management of hypertension. ACE inhibitors are teratogens that is associated with renal injury among newborns.]]
Answer C AnswerC::Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Answer C Explanation [[AnswerCExp::Patients who experience a venous thromboembolism (VTE) event, namely DVT and PE, are administered warfarin for anticoagulation. Warfarin is a teratogenic anticoagulant that is associated with bone deformities, ophthalmological abnormalities, and fetal hemorrhage.]]
Answer D AnswerD::Acne vulgaris
Answer D Explanation [[AnswerDExp::Isotretinoin is a vitamin A derivative that is indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris. It is a teratogen that is associated with ear malformations, cleft palate, limb reduction defects, cardiac abnormalities, and craniofacial bone anomalies.]]
Answer E AnswerE::Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
Answer E Explanation [[AnswerEExp::Doxycycline is a tetracycline that is indicated for the management of rickettsial infections, including RMSF. Doxycycline is a teratogenic antibiotic agent that is associated with teeth discoloration among children when administered to pregnant women or children < 8 years of age.]]
Right Answer RightAnswer::A
Explanation [[Explanation::Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder and numerous types of seizures. Carbamazepine has teratogenic effects and administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay.

Educational Objective: Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay.
References: Lyons K, Lacro RV, Johnson KA, et al. Pattern of malformations in the children of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Eng J Med. 1989;320:1661-6.
First Aid 2014 page 492, 554]]

Approved Approved::Yes
Keyword WBRKeyword::Fingernail hypoplasia, WBRKeyword::Carbamazepine, WBRKeyword::Trigeminal neuralgia, WBRKeyword::Teratogen, WBRKeyword::Pregnancy, WBRKeyword::Medication, WBRKeyword::Side effect, WBRKeyword::Drug, WBRKeyword::Adverse event, WBRKeyword::Adverse effect
Linked Question Linked::
Order in Linked Questions LinkedOrder::
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=WBR0425&oldid=1671681"