|
|
| (372 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 14: |
Line 14: |
|
| |
|
| {{Bronchogenic cyst}} | | {{Bronchogenic cyst}} |
| {{CMG}}''' Associate Editor:''' {{CZ}} | | {{CMG}}''' Associate Editor:''' {{JE}} |
|
| |
|
| {{SK}} Bronchial cyst | | {{SK}} Bronchial cyst |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Bronchogenic cyst overview|Overview]]== |
| Bronchogenic cyst is a [[congenital malformation]] of the [[respiratory tract|tracheobronchial tree]] derived from the ventral aspect of the [[foregut]][https://syllabus.med.unc.edu/courseware/embryo_images/unit-digest/digest_htms/digesttoc.htm]. It is most frequently occurs in the middle mediastinum, in the early stages of [[gestation]] or in the lungs, at the later stages of gestation.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | | ==[[Bronchogenic cyst historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| There is currently no information on the historical perspective of bronchogenic cyst.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst classification|Classification]]== | | ==[[Bronchogenic cyst classification|Classification]]== |
| Bronchogenic cyst can be classified as follows
| |
| {{family tree/start}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | |A01=Bronchogenic cyst}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | B01| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |B02| | | | | | | | |B01=Pulmonary|B02=Extra-pulmonary}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| | |}}
| |
| {{family tree| | |C01| | | | | | | |C02| | | | | | |C03| | | | | |C04| | | |C05| | | | | | | |C01=Plural|C02=Tracheobronchial tree|C03=Cervical|C04=Mediastinal|C05=Abdominal}}
| |
| {{family tree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}}
| |
| {{family tree|D01| |D02| |D03| |D04| |D05| | | | | | | | |D06| |D07| | |!| | | | | | |D01=Viseral|D02=Parietal|D03=Paratracheal|D04=Carinal|D05=Hilar|D06=esophageal|D07=Cardiac}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|.| | | | |}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | |E01| | | | | | | | | |E02| | |E01=Intraperitoneal|E02=Retroperitoneal}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F01| | |F02| | |F03| | |F04| |F05|F01=Diphragmatic|F02=Gastric|F03=Hepatic|F04=Spinal|F05=Adrenal}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |}}
| |
| {{family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |G01| |G02| | |G01=Paraspinal|G02=Intraspina;}}
| |
| {{family tree/end}}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Bronchogenic cyst pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| It is thought that bronchogenic cyst arises from abnormal budding of the ventral <ref name="pmid26986156">{{cite journal| author=Han C, Lin R, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J | display-authors=etal| title=A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 11 | pages= e3111 | pmid=26986156 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003111 | pmc=4839937 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26986156 }} </ref> portion of the primitive [[foregut]],<ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095 }} </ref> destined to become the [[respiratory tract|tracheobronchial tree]]. <ref name="pmid30725658">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30725658 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> At such, it is always found in relation to the trachea or esophagus. <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8090-7-94">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8090-7-94 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> If the connection is maintained, the cyst becomes intrpulmonary. <ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095 }} </ref> This abnormally is thought to occur between days 26 - 40 of [[gestation]]. <ref name="pmid30725658">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30725658 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Gross pathology== | | ==[[Causes]]== |
| Bronchogenic cyst as a smooth single or multiple spherical masses which may be lobulated or unlobulated <ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Histopathology== | | ==[[Differentiating Bronchogenic cyst from other Diseases|Differentiating Bronchogenic cyst from other Diseases]]== |
| Bronchogenic cysts are usually lined by Ciliated pseudostratified [[columnar epithelium]] of respiratory type, leading to distention as a result of secretions produced within the cavity. Cyst wall may be composed of [[cartilage]], [[smooth muscle]], [[fibrous tissue]] and [[mucous glands]]. <ref name="pmid30725658">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30725658 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17859095">{{cite journal| author=Maier HC| title=Bronchiogenic Cysts of the Mediastinum. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1948 | volume= 127 | issue= 3 | pages= 476-502 | pmid=17859095 | doi=10.1097/00000658-194803000-00010 | pmc=1513836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17859095 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst causes|Causes]]== | | ==[[Bronchogenic cyst Epidemiology and Demographics| Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| | |
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst differential diagnosis|Differentiating Bronchogenic cyst from other Diseases]]==
| |
| | |
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Bronchogenic cyst risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | | ==[[Bronchogenic cyst risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| Line 63: |
Line 39: |
|
| |
|
| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| [[Bronchogenic cyst history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst CT|CT]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst MRI|MRI]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | | [[Bronchogenic cyst Diagnostic Study of Choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst History and Symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst Physical Examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst Laboratory Findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst X-ray|X-ray]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst Electrocardiography and ultrasound|Electrocardiography and ultrasound]] | [[Bronchogenic cysts CT|CT]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst MRI|MRI]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst Ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst Other imaging findings|Other imaging findings]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst Other Diagnostic Studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
|
| |
|
| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| [[Bronchogenic cyst medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst surgery|Surgery]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] | | [[Bronchogenic cyst medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst intervention|Intervention]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst surgery|Surgery]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Bronchogenic cyst future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
|
| |
|
| ==Case Studies== | | ==Case Studies== |
| Line 73: |
Line 49: |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| [[CME Category::Cardiology]] | | [[CME Category::Pulmonology]] |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Cardiology]] | | [[Category:Cardiology]] |