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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{SI}} | | |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MV}} | | {{Cancer of unknown primary origin}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RAK}}, {{MV}} |
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| {{SK}} Occult cancer; CUP; Metastases of unknown primary origin; Unknown primary origin neoplasm; cancers of unknown primary site; neoplasms of unknown primary site | | {{SK}} Occult cancer; CUP; Metastases of unknown primary origin; Unknown primary origin neoplasm; Cancers of unknown primary site; Neoplasms of unknown primary site; Carcinoma of unknown primary; Cancer of unknown origin; Cancer of unknown primary; Unknown primary tumors; UPT; Metastatic malignant neoplasms |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin overview|Overview]]== |
| '''Cancer of unknown primary origin''' is the diagnosis when metastatic cancer is found but the place where the cancer began (the primary site) cannot be determined. About 2 to 4 percent of all cancer patients have a cancer whose primary site is never identified. Treatment for cancer of unknown primary origin will depend on several factors, such as: metastatic origin , biopsy findings, patients age, and performance status.
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin causes|Causes]]== |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin differential diagnosis|Differentiating Colorectal cancer from other Diseases]]== |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin risk factors|Risk factors]]== |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin screening|Screening]] == |
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| | ==[[Cancer of unknown primary origin natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| | == Diagnosis == |
| | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin electrocardiogram|Electrocariogram]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin CT scan|CT Scan Findings]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| ==Historical Perspective== | | ==Treatment== |
| *Cancer of unknown primary origin was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
| | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin follow up|Follow-up]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| *In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| ==Classification==
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
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| :*[group1]
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| :*[group2]
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| :*[group3]
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| *Other variants of cancer of unknown primary origin include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| *The pathogenesis of Cancer of unknown primary origin is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
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| *The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of cancer of unknown primary origin, involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
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| *On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of Cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of Cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| ==Causes==
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| * Cancer of unknown primary origin may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
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| * Cancer of unknown primary origin is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
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| * There are no established causes for cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| ==Differentiating Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin from Other Diseases==
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
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| :*[Differential dx1]
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| :*[Differential dx2]
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| :*[Differential dx3]
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| * The prevalence of cancer of unknown primary origin is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
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| * In [year], the incidence of Cancer of unknown primary origin was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
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| ===Age===
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| *Patients of all age groups may develop cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
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| ===Gender===
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin affects men and women equally.
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| *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with cancer of unknown primary origin than [gender 2].
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| * The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
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| ===Race===
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| *There is no racial predilection for cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
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| *[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop Cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| ==Risk Factors==
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| *Common risk factors in the development of cancer of unknown primary origin are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
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| == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
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| *The majority of patients with cancer of unknown primary origin remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
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| *Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
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| *If left untreated, [#%] of patients with Cancer of unknown primary origin may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
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| *Common complications of Cancer of unknown primary origin include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
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| *Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with Cancer of unknown primary origin is approximately [#%].
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| == Diagnosis ==
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| ===Diagnostic Criteria===
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| *The diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary origin is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
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| :*[criterion 1]
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| :*[criterion 2]
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| :*[criterion 3]
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| :*[criterion 4]
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| === Symptoms ===
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin is usually asymptomatic.
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| *Symptoms of cancer of unknown primary origin may include the following:
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| :*[symptom 1]
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| :*[symptom 2]
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| :*[symptom 3]
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| :*[symptom 4]
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| :*[symptom 5]
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| :*[symptom 6]
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| === Physical Examination ===
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| *Patients with cancer of unknown primary origin usually appear [general appearance].
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| *Physical examination may be remarkable for:
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| :*[finding 1]
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| :*[finding 2]
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| :*[finding 3]
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| :*[finding 4]
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| :*[finding 5]
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| :*[finding 6]
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| === Laboratory Findings ===
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| *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of cancer of unknown primary origin.
| | ==Case Studies== |
| *An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of Cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of Cancer of unknown primary origin include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
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| ===Imaging Findings=== | |
| *There are no [imaging study] findings associated with cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *On [imaging study 1], Cancer of unknown primary origin is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| *[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
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| *Cancer of unknown primary origin may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
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| *Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| == Treatment ==
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| === Medical Therapy ===
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| *There is no treatment for cancer of unknown primary origin; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
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| *The mainstay of therapy for cancer of unknown primary origin is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
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| *[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
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| *Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
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| === Surgery ===
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| *Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of Cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] Cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| === Prevention ===
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| *There are no primary preventive measures available for cancer of unknown primary origin.
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| *Effective measures for the primary prevention of cancer of unknown primary origin include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
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| *Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with Cancer of unknown primary origin are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
| | [[Cancer of unknown primary origin case study one|Case #1]]{{Tumors}} |
| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}} | |
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| [[Category: Oncology]]
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