Parathyroid adenoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80% to 85% of hyperparathyroidism<ref name="pmid29022783">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP |title=Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units |journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=140–145 |date=February 2018 |pmid=29022783 |pmc=5838681 |doi=10.1308/rcsann.2017.0112 |url=}}</ref>. A double adenomas the culprit in 4% to 5%, and parathyroid hyperplasia in 10% to 12%<ref name="pmid29939647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wolfe SA, Sharma S |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29939647 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease. Adenomas are most common in patients 50 to 70 years old.They can occur at any age. Women are affected 3-times as often as men


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80% to 85% of hyperparathyroidism<ref name="pmid29022783">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP |title=Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units |journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=140–145 |date=February 2018 |pmid=29022783 |pmc=5838681 |doi=10.1308/rcsann.2017.0112 |url=}}</ref>.
* A double adenomas the culprit in 4% to 5%, and parathyroid hyperplasia in 10% to 12%<ref name="pmid29939647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wolfe SA, Sharma S |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29939647 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
* Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease.
* Adenomas are most common in patients 50 to 70 years old.
* They can occur at any age. Women are affected 3-times as often as men.


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
* Medulloblastoma is the second most common brain tumor among the [[pediatric]] population.<ref name="wiki">Medulloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September, 28th 2015</ref>
* A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism<ref name="pmid23418315">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yeh MW, Ituarte PH, Zhou HC, Nishimoto S, Liu IL, Harari A, Haigh PI, Adams AL |title=Incidence and prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in a racially mixed population |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=1122–9 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23418315 |pmc=3590475 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-4022 |url=}}</ref>.
* Medulloblastoma is considered a rare [[tumor]] among adults, as it comprises fewer than 2% of all brain tumors among that age group.
* Approximately 100,000 Americans develop primary hyperparathyroidism each year from parathyroid adenoma<ref name="pmid30093752">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pamathy G, Jayarajah U, Wangmo T, Banagala ASK |title=Lithium-induced Symptomatic Hypercalcemia and Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient with Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Case Report and Review of Literature |journal=Indian J Psychol Med |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=378–380 |date=2018 |pmid=30093752 |pmc=6065126 |doi=10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_305_17 |url=}}</ref>.


===Incidence===
===Incidence===
* The overall age adjusted incidence rate of medulloblastoma is approximately 0.71 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid23925828">{{cite journal| author=McKean-Cowdin R, Razavi P, Barrington-Trimis J, Baldwin RT, Asgharzadeh S, Cockburn M et al.| title=Trends in childhood brain tumor incidence, 1973-2009. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2013 | volume= 115 | issue= 2 | pages= 153-60 | pmid=23925828 | doi=10.1007/s11060-013-1212-5 | pmc=PMC4056769 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23925828  }} </ref>
* A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80% to 85% of hyperparathyroidism.  
* Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease.


===Age===
===Age===
* The incidence of medulloblastoma decreases with age; the median age at diagnosis is between 5 to 7 years.<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832  }} </ref>
* They can occur at any age<ref name="pmid28775107">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahli ZT, Karipineni F, Zeiger MA |title=A garden of parathyroid adenomas |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2017 |issue= |pages= |date=August 2017 |pmid=28775107 |pmc=5747797 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2017-221130 |url=}}</ref>.
* The [[molecular]] subgroup of medulloblastoma has an influence on the age of presentation such as:<ref name="pmid22189395">Leary SE, Olson JM (2012) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22189395 The molecular classification of medulloblastoma: driving the next generation clinical trials.] ''Curr Opin Pediatr'' 24 (1):33-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834ec106 DOI:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834ec106] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/22189395 22189395]</ref>
:* WNT medulloblastoma  subgroup presents among older children
:* SHH medulloblastoma subgroup presents among infants and adults
:* Group 3 medulloblastoma presents among younger children
:* Group 4 medulloblastoma presents among younger children


===Gender===
===Gender===
* The overall age adjusted incidence rate of medulloblastoma among males is approximately 0.84 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid23925828">{{cite journal| author=McKean-Cowdin R, Razavi P, Barrington-Trimis J, Baldwin RT, Asgharzadeh S, Cockburn M et al.| title=Trends in childhood brain tumor incidence, 1973-2009. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2013 | volume= 115 | issue= 2 | pages= 153-60 | pmid=23925828 | doi=10.1007/s11060-013-1212-5 | pmc=PMC4056769 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23925828  }} </ref>
* Women are affected 3-times as often as men
* The overall age adjusted incidence rate of medulloblastoma among females is approximately 0.58 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
* Males are more commonly affected with medulloblastoma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.44 to 1.
 
===Race===
* There is no racial predilection to medulloblastoma.<ref name="pmid2010773">{{cite journal| author=Roberts RO, Lynch CF, Jones MP, Hart MN| title=Medulloblastoma: a population-based study of 532 cases. | journal=J Neuropathol Exp Neurol | year= 1991 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 134-44 | pmid=2010773 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2010773  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 12:11, 2 October 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80% to 85% of hyperparathyroidism[1]. A double adenomas the culprit in 4% to 5%, and parathyroid hyperplasia in 10% to 12%[2]. Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease. Adenomas are most common in patients 50 to 70 years old.They can occur at any age. Women are affected 3-times as often as men

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism[3].
  • Approximately 100,000 Americans develop primary hyperparathyroidism each year from parathyroid adenoma[4].

Incidence

  • A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80% to 85% of hyperparathyroidism.
  • Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease.

Age

  • They can occur at any age[5].

Gender

  • Women are affected 3-times as often as men

References

  1. Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP (February 2018). "Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 100 (2): 140–145. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2017.0112. PMC 5838681. PMID 29022783.
  2. Wolfe SA, Sharma S. PMID 29939647. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. Yeh MW, Ituarte PH, Zhou HC, Nishimoto S, Liu IL, Harari A, Haigh PI, Adams AL (March 2013). "Incidence and prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in a racially mixed population". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98 (3): 1122–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4022. PMC 3590475. PMID 23418315.
  4. Pamathy G, Jayarajah U, Wangmo T, Banagala A (2018). "Lithium-induced Symptomatic Hypercalcemia and Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient with Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Case Report and Review of Literature". Indian J Psychol Med. 40 (4): 378–380. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_305_17. PMC 6065126. PMID 30093752. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  5. Sahli ZT, Karipineni F, Zeiger MA (August 2017). "A garden of parathyroid adenomas". BMJ Case Rep. 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-221130. PMC 5747797. PMID 28775107.

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