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{{Ovarian germ cell tumor}} | {{Ovarian germ cell tumor}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{MD}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{MD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
An elevated concentration [[Alpha-fetoprotein|a-fetoprotein]] ([[Alpha-fetoprotein|AFP]]) and [[Human chorionic gonadotrophin|b-human chorionic gonadotrophin]] (b-hCG) are diagnostic of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. | |||
==Ovarian germ cell tumor Laboratory Findings== | ==Ovarian germ cell tumor Laboratory Findings== | ||
The tumor marker associated with ovarian germ cell tumor subtypes are as follows<ref> Ovary: Germ cell tumors. http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/OvarianGermCellID5067.html. URL Accessed on November 10, 2015</ref> | An elevated concentration [[AFP|a-fetoprotein]] ([[AFP]]) and [[HCG|b-human chorionic gonadotrophin]] (b-[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]]) are [[diagnostic]] of [[malignant]] [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]].<ref name="PectasidesPectasides2008">{{cite journal|last1=Pectasides|first1=D.|last2=Pectasides|first2=E.|last3=Kassanos|first3=D.|title=Germ cell tumors of the ovary|journal=Cancer Treatment Reviews|volume=34|issue=5|year=2008|pages=427–441|issn=03057372|doi=10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.02.002}}</ref> | ||
{| {{table}} | |||
The [[tumor marker]] associated with [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumor]] subtypes are as follows:<ref name="anc">Ovary: Germ cell tumors. http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/OvarianGermCellID5067.html. URL Accessed on November 10, 2015</ref> | |||
{| {{table}} cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:#c9c9c9 1px solid; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border-collapse: collapse;" | |||
| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|''' Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype'''}} | | align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|''' Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype'''}} | ||
| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Tumor markers expressed'''}} | | align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Tumor markers expressed'''}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Dysgerminoma|| | | [[Dysgerminoma]]|| | ||
* Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | * Serum [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[LDH]]) | ||
* Human chorionic gonadotropin ( | * [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]] ([[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Embryonal carcinoma]]|| | ||
* | * [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]], [[AFP]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[Endodermal sinus tumor]] or [[Yolk sac tumor|yolk sac tumors]]|| | ||
* | * [[Alpha-fetoprotein]] ([[AFP]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Polyembryoma]]|| | ||
* | * [[hCG]], [[AFP]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Choriocarcinoma|| | | [[Teratoma]]|| | ||
* | * Rarely produce [[tumor markers]]: [[AFP]] and [[CA-125]] | ||
|- | |||
| [[Choriocarcinoma]]|| | |||
* [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Mature teratoma=== | |||
* [[Mature cystic teratoma|Mature teratoma]] is associated with increased level of [[CA 19-9]]. <ref name="Yayla AbideBostancı Ergen2018">{{cite journal|last1=Yayla Abide|first1=Çiğdem|last2=Bostancı Ergen|first2=Evrim|title=Retrospective analysis of mature cystic teratomas in a single center and review of the literature|journal=Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology|volume=15|issue=2|year=2018|pages=95–98|issn=1307699X|doi=10.4274/tjod.86244}}</ref> | |||
* There is a report suggesting a role for increased levels of [[CA-125]] and [[AFP]] [[tumor markers]] in differentiating the immature [[teratoma]] and [[Mature cystic teratoma|mature teratoma]].<ref name="pmid18184473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen C, Li JD, Huang H, Feng YL, Wang LH, Chen L |title=[Diagnostic value of multiple tumor marker detection for mature and immature teratoma of the ovary] |language=Chinese |journal=Ai Zheng |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=92–5 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18184473 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Immature teratoma=== | |||
* Immature [[teratoma]] is associated with elevated [[AFP]] in one third of the cases.<ref name="Gershenson2007">{{cite journal|last1=Gershenson|first1=David M.|title=Management of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors|journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology|volume=25|issue=20|year=2007|pages=2938–2943|issn=0732-183X|doi=10.1200/JCO.2007.10.8738}}</ref> | |||
===Dysgerminoma=== | |||
*Pure [[dysgerminoma]], usually secret no [[hormones]]. However, 5% of [[tumors]] are capable of producing B-[[hCG]].<ref name="ShaabanRezvani2014">{{cite journal|last1=Shaaban|first1=Akram M.|last2=Rezvani|first2=Maryam|last3=Elsayes|first3=Khaled M.|last4=Baskin|first4=Henry|last5=Mourad|first5=Amr|last6=Foster|first6=Bryan R.|last7=Jarboe|first7=Elke A.|last8=Menias|first8=Christine O.|title=Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=34|issue=3|year=2014|pages=777–801|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.343130067}}</ref> | |||
*[[Multinucleated]] [[Syncytiotrophoblast|syncytiotrophoblastic]] [[giant cells]], in the [[dysgerminoma]], produce B-[[hCG]]. | |||
*[[LDH]] and [[Alkaline phosphatase|ALK-P]] may be elevated nonspecifically. | |||
===Embryonal carcinoma=== | |||
*They are capable of producing [[alpha-fetoprotein]] or [[human chorionic gonadotropin]].<ref name="pmid12733128">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen VW, Ruiz B, Killeen JL, Coté TR, Wu XC, Correa CN |title=Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors |journal=Cancer |volume=97 |issue=10 Suppl |pages=2631–42 |date=May 2003 |pmid=12733128 |doi=10.1002/cncr.11345 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Endodermal sinus tumor=== | |||
* [[Yolk sac tumor]] is associated with increased level of [[Alpha-fetoprotein|AFP]].<ref name="SteinWasnik2017">{{cite journal|last1=Stein|first1=Erica B.|last2=Wasnik|first2=Ashish P.|last3=Sciallis|first3=Andrew P.|last4=Kamaya|first4=Aya|last5=Maturen|first5=Katherine E.|title=MR Imaging–Pathologic Correlation in Ovarian Cancer|journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=3|year=2017|pages=545–562|issn=10649689|doi=10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.004}}</ref> | |||
===Polyembryoma=== | |||
*These [[tumors]] may be associated with elevated levels of b-[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]] and [[AFP]].<ref name="LowIlancheran2012">{{cite journal|last1=Low|first1=Jeffrey J.H.|last2=Ilancheran|first2=Arunachalam|last3=Ng|first3=Joseph S.|title=Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=347–355|issn=15216934|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002}}</ref> | |||
===Non-gestational choriocarcinoma=== | |||
*They can produce [[human chorionic gonadotropin]].<ref name="pmid12733128">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen VW, Ruiz B, Killeen JL, Coté TR, Wu XC, Correa CN |title=Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors |journal=Cancer |volume=97 |issue=10 Suppl |pages=2631–42 |date=May 2003 |pmid=12733128 |doi=10.1002/cncr.11345 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
An elevated concentration a-fetoprotein (AFP) and b-human chorionic gonadotrophin (b-hCG) are diagnostic of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.
Ovarian germ cell tumor Laboratory Findings
An elevated concentration a-fetoprotein (AFP) and b-human chorionic gonadotrophin (b-hCG) are diagnostic of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.[1]
The tumor marker associated with ovarian germ cell tumor subtypes are as follows:[2]
| Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype | Tumor markers expressed |
| Dysgerminoma | |
| Embryonal carcinoma | |
| Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors | |
| Polyembryoma | |
| Teratoma |
|
| Choriocarcinoma |
Mature teratoma
- Mature teratoma is associated with increased level of CA 19-9. [3]
- There is a report suggesting a role for increased levels of CA-125 and AFP tumor markers in differentiating the immature teratoma and mature teratoma.[4]
Immature teratoma
Dysgerminoma
- Pure dysgerminoma, usually secret no hormones. However, 5% of tumors are capable of producing B-hCG.[6]
- Multinucleated syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, in the dysgerminoma, produce B-hCG.
- LDH and ALK-P may be elevated nonspecifically.
Embryonal carcinoma
- They are capable of producing alpha-fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin.[7]
Endodermal sinus tumor
- Yolk sac tumor is associated with increased level of AFP.[8]
Polyembryoma
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma
- They can produce human chorionic gonadotropin.[7]
References
- ↑ Pectasides, D.; Pectasides, E.; Kassanos, D. (2008). "Germ cell tumors of the ovary". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 34 (5): 427–441. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.02.002. ISSN 0305-7372.
- ↑ Ovary: Germ cell tumors. http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/OvarianGermCellID5067.html. URL Accessed on November 10, 2015
- ↑ Yayla Abide, Çiğdem; Bostancı Ergen, Evrim (2018). "Retrospective analysis of mature cystic teratomas in a single center and review of the literature". Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology. 15 (2): 95–98. doi:10.4274/tjod.86244. ISSN 1307-699X.
- ↑ Chen C, Li JD, Huang H, Feng YL, Wang LH, Chen L (January 2008). "[Diagnostic value of multiple tumor marker detection for mature and immature teratoma of the ovary]". Ai Zheng (in Chinese). 27 (1): 92–5. PMID 18184473.
- ↑ Gershenson, David M. (2007). "Management of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 25 (20): 2938–2943. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.10.8738. ISSN 0732-183X.
- ↑ Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). "Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features". RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Chen VW, Ruiz B, Killeen JL, Coté TR, Wu XC, Correa CN (May 2003). "Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors". Cancer. 97 (10 Suppl): 2631–42. doi:10.1002/cncr.11345. PMID 12733128.
- ↑ Stein, Erica B.; Wasnik, Ashish P.; Sciallis, Andrew P.; Kamaya, Aya; Maturen, Katherine E. (2017). "MR Imaging–Pathologic Correlation in Ovarian Cancer". Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America. 25 (3): 545–562. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.004. ISSN 1064-9689.
- ↑ Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). "Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.