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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
| | #Redirect [[Hyperparathyroidism]] |
| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| Name = Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
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| Image = Illu thyroid parathyroid.jpg |
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| Caption = Thyroid and parathyroid. |
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| DiseasesDB = 6301 |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|21|1|e|20}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|252.02}}, {{ICD9|588.81}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| eMedicineSubj = |
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| eMedicineTopic = |
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| MeshID = D006962 |
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| }}
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| {{Secondary hyperparathyroidism}}
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| {{GS}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Secondary hyperparathyroidism''' refers to the excessive secretion of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH) by the [[parathyroid gland]]s in response to [[hypocalcemia]] (low [[blood]] [[calcium]] levels) and associated hypertrophy of the glands. This disorder is especially seen in patients with chronic renal failure. It is often--although not consistently--abbreviated as SHPT in medical literature.
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| ==Signs and Symptoms==
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| Bone and joint pain are common, as are limb deformities. The elevated PTH has also pleiotropic effects on blood, immune system and neurological system.
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| The PTH is elevated due to a low serum (ionized) calcium.
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| ==Causes==
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| [[Chronic renal failure]] is the most common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Failing [[kidneys]] do not convert enough [[vitamin D]] to its active form, and they do not adequately excrete [[phosphorus]]. When this happens, insoluble [[calcium phosphate]] forms in the body and removes calcium from the circulation. Both processes leads to hypocalcemia and hence secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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| ==Treatment==
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| If the underlying cause of the hypocalcemia can be addressed, the hyperparathyroidism will resolve. In patients with chronic renal failure treatment consists of dietary restriction of phosphorus, supplements with the active form of [[vitamin D]], and [[phosphate binders]].
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| ==Prognosis==
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| If left untreated, the disease will progress to [[tertiary hyperparathyroidism]], where correction of the underlying cause will not stop excess PTH secretion, i.e. parathyroid gland hypertrophy becomes irreversible.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
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| * [[Tertiary hyperparathyroidism]]
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| {{Endocrine pathology}}
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| [[Category:Parathyroid disorders]]
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| [[Category:Endocrinology]]
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| [[pl:Wtórna nadczynność przytarczyc]]
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