Thyroid adenoma

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A thyroid adenoma, or solitary thyroid nodule is a benign tumor of the thyroid gland.

Pathophysiology

A thyroid adenoma may be clinically silent, or it may be a "functional" tumor, producing excessive thyroid hormone. In this case, it may result in symptomatic hyperthyroidism, and may be referred to as a toxic thyroid adenoma. Careful pathological examination may be necessary to distinguish a thyroid adenoma from a minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Differentiating Thyroid adenoma from other Diseases

A thyroid adenoma is distinguished from a multinodular goiter of the thyroid in that an adenoma is typically solitary, and is a neoplasm resulting from a genetic mutation (or other genetic abnormality) in a single precursor cell. In contrast, a multinodular goiter is usually thought to result from a hyperplastic response of the entire thyroid gland to a stimulus, such as iodine deficiency.