Tolypocladium inflatum
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| Tolypocladium inflatum | ||||||||||
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| Tolypocladium inflatum W. Gams |
Tolypocladium inflatum is a fungus isolated from Norwegian soil that, in certain conditions, produces Ciclosporin (Cyclosporine).
The fungus from which ciclosporin was first isolated was originally misidentified as Trichoderma polysporum [1]. Gams later showed that the fungus belonged in a new genus of molds, Tolypocladium, and he coined the name Tolypocladium inflatum for the ciclosporin fungus [2]. In 1983, Bissett found that T. inflatum was the same as Pachybasium niveum, and since the latter older name has priority under the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Bissett made the combination Tolypocladium niveum [3]. However, because of the economic importance of the fungus in the pharmaceutical industry, the name T. inflatum was later formally conserved to avoid confusion, so today the correct name of the mold that produces ciclosporin is Tolypocladium inflatum.
In 1996 Kathie Hodge and colleagues determined that the mold T. inflatum is the asexual state of Cordyceps subsessilis.[4] Whereas the sexual C. subsessilis state is a pathogen of beetles, the asexual T. inflatum state is widely distributed in soils.
References
- ↑ Dreyfuss, M., E. Härri, H. Hofmann, H. Kobel, W. Pache, and H. Tscherter. 1976. Cyclosporin A and C: new metabolites from Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai. European Journal of Applied Microbiology 3:125-133.
- ↑ Gams, W. 1971. Tolypocladium, eine Hyphomycetengattung mit geschwollenen Phialiden. Persoonia 6:185–191.
- ↑ Bissett, J. 1983. Notes on Tolypocladium and related genera. Canadian Journal of Botany 61:1311-1329.
- ↑ Hodge, K. T., S. B. Krasnoff, and R. A. Humber. 1996. Tolypocladium inflatum is the anamorph of Cordyceps subsessilis. Mycologia 88:715-719.
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
