Thoracic splanchnic nerves
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| Nerve: Thoracic splanchnic nerves | |
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| The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. (Greater and lesser splanchnic nerves labeled at left.) | |
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| Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. (Greater splanchnic and lowest splanchnic labeled at upper left. Greater splanchnic and lesser splanchnic labeled at upper right.) | |
| Gray's | subject #217 981 |
| From | thoracic ganglia |
| MeSH | Splanchnic+Nerves |
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Thoracic splanchnic nerves arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers.
There are three main thoracic splanchnic nerves:
| Name | Ganglia | Description |
| greater[1] | T5-T9[2] or T5-T10[3] | The nerve travels through the diaphragm and enters the abdominal cavity, where its fibers synapse at the celiac ganglia. The nerve contributes to the celiac plexus, a network of nerves located in the vicinity of where the celiac trunk branches from the abdominal aorta. The fibers in this nerve modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system of the foregut. They also provide the sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla, stimulating catecholamine release. |
| lesser[4] | T9-T12, T9-T10[4][5], T10-T12, or T10-T11[3] | The nerve travels inferiorly, lateral to the greater splanchnic nerve. Its fibers synapse with their postganglionic counterparts in the celiac ganglia, or in the aorticorenal ganglion. The nerve modulates the activity of the enteric nervous system of the midgut. |
| least or lowest[6] | T12-L2, or T11-T12[7] | The nerve travels into the abdomen, where its fibers synapse in the renal ganglia. |
The nerve's origins can be remembered by the "4-3-2 rule", accounting for the number of ganglia giving rise to each nerve. However, different sources define the nerves in different ways, so this rule may not always be reliable.
Additional images
 Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system. |
 Plan of right sympathetic cord and splanchnic nerves. |
 Thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk. |
 The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia. |
 Lower half of right sympathetic cord. |
 The relations of the viscera and large vessels of the abdomen. Seen from behind, the last thoracic vertebra being well raised. |
References
- ↑ n_05/12566702 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ↑ -1777991622 at GPnotebook
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Norman/Georgetown thoraxlesson5
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 n_05/12566712 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ↑ 389349435 at GPnotebook
- ↑ n_05/12566675 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ↑ 154468411 at GPnotebook
External links
- Thoracic+splanchnic+nerves at eMedicine Dictionary
- SUNY Figs 21:04-07 - "The position of the right and left vagus nerves, and sympathetic trunks in the mediastinum."
- SUNY Labs 40:10-0102 - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: The Celiac Plexus"
- -1274675140 at GPnotebook
- Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_30/30-4.HTM
- Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
