Tagatose
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| Tagatose | |
|---|---|
| Image:Tagatose.png | |
| IUPAC name | (3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexan-2-one |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(CO)=O |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C6H12O6 |
| Molar mass | 180.16 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Melting point |
133-135 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Tagatose is a functional sweetener. It is a naturally occurring monosaccharide, specifically a hexose. It is often found in dairy products, and is very similar in texture to sucrose (table sugar) and is 92% as sweet, but with only 38% of the calories.
Tagatose is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FAO/WHO and has been since 2001.
Since it is metabolized differently from sucrose, tagatose has a minimal effect on blood glucose and insulin levels. Tagatose is also approved as a toothfriendly ingredient.
Production
Tagatose is present in only small amounts in dairy products. It can be produced commercially from lactose, which is first hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose. The galactose is isomerized under alkaline conditions to D-tagatose by calcium hydroxide. The resulting mixture can then be purified and solid tagatose produced by crystallization.
Development as a sweetener
Gilbert Levin upon learning about chirality, had the idea to search for a left-handed sugar. Cycling through the various left-handed sugars, he was accidentally sent D-tagatose, structurally similar to L-fructose. Even though Levin thought that his answer to a sweetener would be found in a left-handed sugar, it was the right-handed molecular form that proved to be a winner. FDA approved tagatose as a food additive in October 2003.
Marketing
In 1996, MD/Arla Foods acquired the rights to production from Spherix, the American license holder. In the following years, no products were brought to market by MD/Arla Foods and so Spherix brought them before the US Court of Arbitration for showing insufficient interest in bringing the product to market. The companies settled, with MD/Arla Foods agreeing to pay longer term royalties to Spherix and Spherix agreeing to not take further action.
In March 2006, SweetGredients (a joint venture company of Arla Foods and Nordzucker AG) decided to put the tagatose project ”on hold”. SweetGredients was the only worldwide producer of tagatose. While progress has been made in creating a market for this innovative sweetener, it has not been possible to identify a large enough potential justifying continued investments and SweetGredients has decided to close down the manufacturing of tagatose in Nordstemmen, Germany.
In 2006, the Belgian Company NUTRILAB NV took over the Arla (Sweetgredients) stocks and project and is setting up a production site for D-Tagatose with the brandname Nutrilatose, with an enzymatic process method (different from the already published patents). Nutrilatose is foreseen to hit the market somewhere around february 2008.
Products using tagatose
- 7-Eleven's Diet Pepsi flavored Slurpee
- Miada Chocolite
- Pasco Light & Tasty Juice
- Shugr by Swiss Diet
- SweetFiber by Dr. Murray Natural Living
- Therasweet by Living Fuel
External links
de:tagatoseAcknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
