Pulmonary contusion causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Causes
Pulmonary contusion, which occurs in 25–35% of all blunt chest trauma,[1] is usually caused by the rapid deceleration that results when the moving chest strikes a fixed object. About 70% of cases result from motor vehicle collisions,[2] most often when the chest strikes the inside of the car. Falls,[2] assaults,[3] and sports injuries are other causes.[4] Pulmonary contusion can also be caused by explosions; the organs most vulnerable to blast injuries are those that contain gas, such as the lungs. Blast lung is severe pulmonary contusion, bleeding, or edema with damage to alveoli and blood vessels, or a combination of these.[5] This is the primary cause of death among people who initially survive an explosion.[6]
In addition to blunt trauma, penetrating trauma can cause pulmonary contusion.[7] Contusions resulting from penetration by a rapidly moving projectile usually surrounds the path along which the projectile traveled through the tissue.[8] The pressure wave forces tissue out of the way, creating a temporary cavity; the tissue quickly moves back into place, but it is damaged. Pulmonary contusions that accompany gun and knife wounds are not usually severe enough to have a major effect on outcome; penetrating trauma causes less widespread lung damage than does blunt trauma.[2] An exception is shotgun wounds, which can seriously damage large areas of lung tissue through a blast injury mechanism.
References
- ↑
Moloney JT, Fowler SJ, Chang W (2008). "Anesthetic management of thoracic trauma". Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 21 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1097/ACO.0b013e3282f2aadc. PMID 18195608. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ullman EA, Donley LP, Brady WJ (2003). "Pulmonary trauma emergency department evaluation and management". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 21 (2): 291–313. doi:10.1016/S0733-8627(03)00016-6. PMID 12793615.
- ↑ Haley K, Schenkel K (2003). "Thoracic trauma". In Thomas DO, Bernardo LM, Herman B. Core curriculum for pediatric emergency nursing. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 446. ISBN 0-7637-0176-9.
- ↑ France R (2003). "The chest and abdomen". Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training. Thomson Delmar Learning. p. 506–507. ISBN 140181199X.
- ↑ Sasser SM, Sattin RW, Hunt RC, Krohmer J (2006). "Blast lung injury". Prehospital Emergency Care. 10 (2): 165–72. doi:10.1080/10903120500540912. PMID 16531371.
- ↑ Born CT (2005). "Blast trauma: The fourth weapon of mass destruction" (PDF). Scandanavian Journal of Surgery. 94 (4): 279–285. PMID 16425623.
- ↑ Lucid WA, Taylor TB (2002). "Thoracic trauma". In Strange GR. Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division. pp. 92–100. ISBN 0-07-136979-1.
- ↑ Sattler S, Maier RV (2002). "Pulmonary contusion". In Karmy-Jones R, Nathens A, Stern EJ. Thoracic Trauma and Critical Care. Berlin: Springer. pp. 159–160 and 235–243. ISBN 1-4020-7215-5.