Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate
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| Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate | |
|---|---|
| Image:Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.jpg | |
| Molecular formula | C47H85O19P3 |
| Molar mass | 1047.09 |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
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Overview
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is enriched at the plasma membrane where it is an important substrate for a number of important signaling proteins.[1]
Phospholipase C hydrolyzes the phosphodiester link in PtdIns(4,5)P2 forming inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
PtdIns(4,5)P22 is formed primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5 kinases from PI(4)P.
Class I PI 3-kinases phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 forming phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). Both PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 not only act as substrates for enzymes but also serve as docking phospholipids that bind specific domains that promote the recruitment of proteins to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of signaling cascades.
Additional images
 PIP2 cleavage to IP3 and DAG initiates intracellular calcium release and PKC activation. |
References
Cell signaling: lipid signaling |
|---|
| Phospholipase - PIP2 - DAG - IP3 - IP3 receptor |
Lipids: phospholipids | |
|---|---|
| Glycerol backbone (Glycerophospholipids/ Phosphoglycerides) | Phosphatidyl-: -ethanolamine/cephalin - -choline/lechithin (dipalmitoyl-) - -serine - -glycerol - -inositol (glyco-)
phosphatidylinositol phosphates: PIP1 - PIP2 (3,4, 3,5, 4,5) - PIP3 Ether lipids: Plasmalogen (Platelet-activating factor) |
| Sphingosine backbone | Sphingomyelin |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
