Glutaminase

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glutaminase
Identifiers
Symbol	GLS
Entrez	2744
HUGO	4331
OMIM	138280
RefSeq	NM_014905
UniProt	O94925
Other data
EC number	3.5.1.2
Locus	Chr. 2 q32-q34

glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial)
Identifiers
Symbol	GLS2
Entrez	27165
HUGO	29570
OMIM	606365
RefSeq	NM_013267
UniProt	Q9UI32
Other data
Locus	Chr. 12 q13

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Overview

Glutaminase is a amidohydrolase enzyme which generates glutamate from glutamine. Glutaminase has tissue-specific isoenzymes.

Glutaminase catalyzes the following reaction:

Glutamine + H₂O → Glutamate + NH₃

Glutaminase is expressed in periportal hepatocytes, where it generates NH₃ (ammonia) for urea synthesis.

Glutaminase is also expressed in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, where the produced ammonia is excreted as ammonium ions. This excretion of ammonium ions is an important mechanism of renal acid-base regulation. During an acidosis, glutaminase is induced in the kidney, which leads to an increase in the amount of ammonium ions excreted.

External links

• MeSH Glutaminase

v • d • e Carbon-nitrogen non-peptide hydrolases (EC 3.5)
3.5.1 - Amidohydrolases	Asparaginase - Glutaminase - Urease - Biotinidase - Aspartoacylase - Ceramidase -Aspartylglucosaminidase - Fatty acid amide hydrolase - Histone deacetylase (Sirtuin)
3.5.2	Barbiturase - Beta-lactamase
3.5.3	Arginase
3.5.4 - Aminohydrolases	Guanine deaminase - Adenosine deaminase - AMP deaminase - Inosine monophosphate synthase - DCMP deaminase - GTP cyclohydrolase I
Other	Nitrilase - Thiaminase II

v • d • e Amino acid metabolism enzymes (essential in CAPS)
K	LYSINE→acetyl-CoA Saccharopine dehydrogenase - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase LEUCINE→acetyl-CoA Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase - Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase TRYPTOPHAN→acetyl-CoA Kynureninase PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→acetoacetate (see below)
G	glycine→serine→pyruvate→TCA Serine hydroxymethyltransferase - Serine dehydratase alanine→pyruvate→TCA Alanine transaminase cysteine→pyruvate→TCA D-cysteine desulfhydrase threonine→pyruvate→TCA L-threonine dehydrogenase HISTIDINE→glutamate Histidine ammonia-lyase - Urocanate hydratase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase proline→glutamate Proline oxidase - Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase - 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ALDH4A1 - PYCR1 arginine→glutamate Ornithine aminotransferase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Agmatinase glutamate→alpha-ketoglutarate→TCA Glutamate dehydrogenase METHIONINE→propionyl-CoA Methionine adenosyltransferase - Adenosylhomocysteinase - (or MTR/Homocysteine methyltransferase) - Cystathionine beta synthase - Cystathionine gamma-lyase ISOLEUCINE/valine→propionyl-CoA Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
NT	HISTIDINE→histamine Histidine decarboxylase tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine Tyrosine hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Dopamine beta hydroxylase - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase - Catechol-O-methyl transferase glutamate→GABA Glutamate decarboxylase arginine→NO Nitric oxide synthase
Other	tyrosine→melanin Tyrosinase TRYPTOPHAN→serotonin→melatonin Tryptophan hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase cysteine+glutamate→glutathione Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase - Glutathione synthetase glycine→creatine Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase - Creatine kinase glutamate→glutamine Glutamine synthetase - Glutaminase collagen Prolyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase
see also disorders, intermediates

ja:グルタミナーゼ

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