Propionyl-CoA
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| Propionyl-CoA | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| MeSH | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C24H40N7O17P3S |
| Molar mass | 823.599 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
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Propionyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid.
Metabolism in animals
Production
There are several different ways in which it is formed:
- It is formed as a product of beta-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids, which occur in meat of ruminant animals.
- It is also a product of metabolism of isoleucine and valine.
- It is a product of alpha-ketobutyric acid, which in turn is a product of digestion of threonine and methionine.
Metabolic fate
In mammals, propionyl-CoA is converted to (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA by propionyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme also requiring bicarbonate and ATP.
This product is converted to (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA by methylmalonyl-CoA racemase.
(R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, an enzyme requiring cobalamin to catalyze the carbon-carbon bond migration.
A defect in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase enzyme results in methylmalonic aciduria, a dangerous disorder that causes a lowering of blood pH.
Metabolism in plants and insects
In plants and insects propionyl-CoA is metabolized to acetate in a very different way, similar to beta oxidation.
Not all details of this pathway have been worked out, but it appears to involve formation of acrylyl-CoA, then 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA.
This is metabolized with loss of carbon 1 of 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA as carbon dioxide, while carbon 3 becomes carbon 1 of acetate.
References
- Halarnkar P, Blomquist G (1989). "Comparative aspects of propionate metabolism". Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B 92 (2): 227-31. PMID 2647392.
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
