Procaine

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Procaine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
Identifiers
CAS number	59-46-1
ATC code	N01BA02 C05AD05 S01HA05
PubChem	4914
DrugBank	APRD00650
Chemical data
Formula	C13H20N2O2
Mol. mass	236.31 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	n/a
Metabolism	Hydrolysis by plasma esterases
Half life	40–84 seconds
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B2(AU) C(US)
Legal status	Prescription Only (S4)(AU)
Routes	Parenteral

WikiDoc Resources for Procaine
Articles
Most recent articles on Procaine Most cited articles on Procaine Review articles on Procaine Articles on Procaine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Procaine Images of Procaine Photos of Procaine Podcasts & MP3s on Procaine Videos on Procaine
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Procaine Bandolier on Procaine TRIP on Procaine
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Procaine at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Procaine Clinical Trials on Procaine at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Procaine NICE Guidance on Procaine NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Procaine CDC on Procaine
Books
Books on Procaine
News
Procaine in the news Be alerted to news on Procaine News trends on Procaine
Commentary
Blogs on Procaine
Definitions
Definitions of Procaine
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Procaine Discussion groups on Procaine Patient Handouts on Procaine Directions to Hospitals Treating Procaine Risk calculators and risk factors for Procaine
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Procaine Causes & Risk Factors for Procaine Diagnostic studies for Procaine Treatment of Procaine
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Procaine
International
Procaine en Espanol Procaine en Francais
Business
Procaine in the Marketplace Patents on Procaine
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Procaine

Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin, and is also used in dentistry. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain, procaine is sometimes referred to generically as novocaine or novacaine.

Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, and was the first injectable man-made local anesthetic used. It was created by the German chemist Alfred Einhorn (1857–1917) who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin Novus (meaning New) and caine, a common ending for alkaloids used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun (1862–1934).

Procaine is used less frequently today since more effective (and hypoallergenic) alternatives such as lidocaine (xylocaine) exist. Prior to the discovery of procaine, cocaine was the most commonly used local anesthetic. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels, which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine, and without the euphoric and addictive qualities of cocaine.

Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to PABA. About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which doesn't hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.

Procaine is the primary ingredient in the controversial preparation Gerovital H3, which is claimed by its advocates to remedy many effects of aging. The mainstream medical view is that these claims were seriously studied and discredited in the 1960s.

See also

• Procaine blockade

Cost Effectiveness of Procaine

| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Procaine | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Procaine at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Procaine • Clinical Trials on Procaine at Google

| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Procaine | list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Procaine • NICE Guidance on Procaine • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Procaine • CDC on Procaine

| group7 = Textbook Information on Procaine | list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Procaine

| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Procaine | list8 = AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Procaine • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Procaine • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Procaine • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Procaine • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Procaine • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Procaine • AND (pregnancy)}} Procaine in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Procaine •

| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Procaine | list9 = AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Procaine • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Procaine • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Procaine

| group10 = Newstories on Procaine | list10 = Procaine in the news • Be alerted to news on Procaine • News trends on Procaine</small>

| group11 = Commentary on Procaine | list11 = Blogs on Procaine

| group12 = Patient Resources on Procaine | list12 = Patient resources on Procaine • Discussion groups on Procaine • Patient Handouts on Procaine • Directions to Hospitals Treating Procaine • Risk calculators and risk factors for Procaine

| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Procaine | list13 = Symptoms of Procaine • Causes & Risk Factors for Procaine • Diagnostic studies for Procaine • Treatment of Procaine

| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Procaine | list14 = CME Programs on Procaine

| group15 = International Resources on Procaine | list15 = Procaine en Espanol • Procaine en Francais

| group16 = Business Resources on Procaine | list16 = Procaine in the Marketplace • Patents on Procaine

| group17 = Informatics Resources on Procaine | list17 = List of terms related to Procaine

}}

de:Procainit:Procaina