Procaine
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Overview
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| Procaine
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N01 C05AD05 S01HA05 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C13H20N2O2 |
| Mol. mass | 236.31 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | n/a |
| Metabolism | Hydrolysis by plasma esterases |
| Half life | 40–84 seconds |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Parenteral |
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WikiDoc Resources for Procaine | |
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Articles | |
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Most recent articles on Procaine | |
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Media | |
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Evidence Based Medicine | |
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Clinical Trials | |
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Ongoing Trials on Procaine at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Procaine at Google
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Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Procaine
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Books | |
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News | |
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Commentary | |
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Definitions | |
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Patient Resources / Community | |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Procaine Risk calculators and risk factors for Procaine
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Healthcare Provider Resources | |
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Causes & Risk Factors for Procaine | |
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Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
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International | |
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Business | |
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Experimental / Informatics | |
Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin, and is also used in dentistry. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain, procaine is sometimes referred to generically as novocaine or novacaine.
Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, and was the first injectable man-made local anesthetic used. It was created by the German chemist Alfred Einhorn (1857–1917) who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin Novus (meaning New) and caine, a common ending for alkaloids used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun (1862–1934).
Procaine is used less frequently today since more effective (and hypoallergenic) alternatives such as lidocaine (xylocaine) exist. Prior to the discovery of procaine, cocaine was the most commonly used local anesthetic. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels, which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine, and without the euphoric and addictive qualities of cocaine.
Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to PABA. About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which doesn't hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.
Procaine is the primary ingredient in the controversial preparation Gerovital H3, which is claimed by its advocates to remedy many effects of aging. The mainstream medical view is that these claims were seriously studied and discredited in the 1960s.
See also
WikiDoc Research Resources for Procaine | |
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| Articles on Procaine | Most recent articles on Procaine • Most cited articles on Procaine • Review articles on Procaine • Articles on Procaine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Procaine | Powerpoint slides on Procaine • Images of Procaine • Photos of Procaine • Podcasts & MP3s on Procaine • Videos on Procaine |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Procaine | AND (Cochrane Database Syst Rev[http://worldselectshop.com/?id=9361 Cochrane Collaboration on Procaine • Bandolier on Procaine • TRIP on Procaine |
| Cost Effectiveness of Procaine | AND (Cost effectiveness) |
| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Procaine | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Procaine at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Procaine • Clinical Trials on Procaine at Google
| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Procaine
| list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Procaine • NICE Guidance on Procaine • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Procaine • CDC on Procaine
| group7 = Textbook Information on Procaine
| list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Procaine
| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Procaine
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AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Procaine • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Procaine • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Procaine • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Procaine • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Procaine • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Procaine • AND (pregnancy)}} Procaine in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Procaine •
| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Procaine
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AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Procaine • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Procaine • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Procaine
| group10 = Newstories on Procaine
| list10 = Procaine in the news • Be alerted to news on Procaine • News trends on Procaine</small>
| group11 = Commentary on Procaine
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Blogs on Procaine
| group12 = Patient Resources on Procaine | list12 = Patient resources on Procaine • Discussion groups on Procaine • Patient Handouts on Procaine • Directions to Hospitals Treating Procaine • Risk calculators and risk factors for Procaine
| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Procaine
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Symptoms of Procaine • Causes & Risk Factors for Procaine • Diagnostic studies for Procaine • Treatment of Procaine
| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Procaine | list14 = CME Programs on Procaine
| group15 = International Resources on Procaine | list15 = Procaine en Espanol • Procaine en Francais
| group16 = Business Resources on Procaine | list16 = Procaine in the Marketplace • Patents on Procaine
| group17 = Informatics Resources on Procaine | list17 = List of terms related to Procaine
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Vasoprotectives (C05) | |
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| Antihemorrhoidals for topical use | corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Fluorometholone, Fluocortolone, Dexamethasone, Fluocinolone acetonide, Fluocinonide) - local anesthetics (Lidocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine, Cinchocaine, Procaine, Oxetacaine, Pramocaine) - other (Tribenoside) |
| Antivaricose therapy | heparins or heparinoids for topical use (Organo-heparinoid, Sodium apolate, Heparin, Pentosan polysulfate) - sclerosing agents for local injection (Monoethanolamine oleate, Polidocanol, Invert sugar, Sodium tetradecyl sulfate, Phenol) - Other (Calcium dobesilate) |
| Capillary stabilising agents | bioflavonoids (Rutoside, Monoxerutin, Diosmin, Troxerutin, Hidrosmin) - other (Tribenoside) |
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