Primitive knot
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| Primitive knot | ||
|---|---|---|
| Gray's | subject #6 47 | |
| Days | 17 | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | k_04/12471954 | |
The primitive knot (or Primitive node) is the organizer for gastrulation in vertebrates.
Contents |
Diversity
- In birds it is known as "Hensen's node", and is named after its discoverer Victor Hensen.
- In amphibians, it is known as "Spemann's organizer", and is named after Hans Spemann (who, with Mangold, first identified the organizer in 1924.[1])
Development
The primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards - an area known as the primitive streak. Posterior to the node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells) initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as the cells layers continue to move into the space between the embryonic cells and the yolk and differentiate the embryo into the germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The primitive knot migrates posteriorly as gastrulation proceeds, eventually being absorbed into the tail bud.
The cells of the primitive knot secrete many cellular signals essential for gastrulation - including Fibroblast Growth Factors, Sonic hedgehog, and retinoic acid. Differential secretion of factors by the node also causes development of the right-left axis in the embryo.
References
External links
- Overview at nature.com
- Overview at Northwestern University
- MeSH Embryonic+Organizers
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
