Peter II of Russia

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Emperor Peter II
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
Image:Tsar Peter II, circa 1730 -2a.JPG
Emperor Peter II, circa 1730
Reign	May 18, 1727 - January 29, 1730
Coronation	February 25, 1728
Full name	Pyotr Alexseyevich
Born	October 18 1715(1715-10-18)
	Saint Petersburg
Died	January 30 1730 (aged 14)
Buried	Kremlin
Predecessor	Catherine I
Successor	Anna Ivanovna
Dynasty	Romanov
Father	Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia
Mother	Princess Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Peter II (Russian: Пётр II Алексеевич or Pyotr II Alekseyevich) (October 23, 1715 – January 30, 1730) was Emperor of Russia from 1727 until his death. He was the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, son of Peter I of Russia by his first wife Eudoxia Lopukhina, and Princess Charlotte, daughter of Duke Louis Rudolph of Brunswick-Lüneburg and sister-in-law of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. He was also the only male-line grandson of Peter the Great.

Peter was born in Saint Petersburg on 18 October 1715 (Julian calendar). From his childhood the orphan grand duke was kept in the strictest seclusion. His grandfather, Peter the Great, systematically ignored him. His earliest governesses were the wives of a tailor and a vintner from the Dutch settlement; a sailor called Norman taught him the rudiments of navigation; and, when he grew older, he was placed under the care of a Hungarian refugee, Janos Zeikin, who seems to have been a conscientious teacher.

During the reign of Catherine I, Peter was quite ignored; but just before her death it became clear to those in power that the grandson of Peter the Great could not be kept out of his inheritance much longer. The majority of the nation and three-quarters of the nobility were on his side, while his uncle, Emperor Charles VI, through the imperial ambassador at St Petersburg, persistently urged his claims. The matter was arranged between Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov and Count Andrei Osterman; and on 18 May 1727 Peter II, according to the terms of the forged last will of Catherine I, was proclaimed sovereign autocrat.

The senate, the privy council and the guards took the oath of allegiance forthwith. The education of the young prince was wisely entrusted to the vice-chancellor Ostermann. Menshikov, who took possession of Peter II and lodged him in his own palace on the Vasilievsky Island, had intended to marry Peter to his daughter Maria; the scheme was frustrated by his fall (September 21, 1727); but Peter only fell into the hands of the equally unscrupulous Prince Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov, who carried him away from Petersburg to Moscow. Peter's coronation was celebrated at that city on 25 February, 1728. He was betrothed to his mentor's niece, Princess Catherine Dolgorukova, and the wedding was actually fixed for 30 January, 1730; but on that very day the emperor died of smallpox. Whilst he lay dying, his new wife was pushed into his deathbed in a desperate attempt to make her pregnant. He is buried in the Kremlin, the only post-Petrine Russian monarch given that honor. In fact, with Ivan VI (who was executed and buried in the fortress of Shlisselburg), he is the only post-Petrine monarch not buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

With Peter's death, the direct male line of the Romanov Dynasty ended. He was succeeded by Anna Ivanovna, daughter of Peter the Great's half-brother and co-ruler, Ivan V.

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Preceded by Catherine I

Emperor of Russia 18 May, 1727–29 January, 1730

Succeeded by Anna

Template:Historical Russian Leadership

Persondata
NAME	Peter II of Russia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Alekseyevich, Pyotr II
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Emperor of Russia
DATE OF BIRTH	October 18, 1715
PLACE OF BIRTH	Saint Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH	January 30, 1730
PLACE OF DEATH

bg:Петър II (Русия)

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