Penitrem A
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Penitrem A is a fungal neurotoxin found on ryegrass. It is produced by certain species of Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Penicillium. It inhibits potassium channels in smooth muscles. The maxi-channels targeted have their highest density in the cerebellar Purkinje cells.
It causes a stagger in horses and cattle.
ED-50
The ED-50 for Penitrem A is 10nM. The ED-50 is the effective dose for 50% of the population. Many toxic chemicals do not show ED-50s and act by irreversible covalent adduction.
Stages of toxicity
See also
References
[1] Acute penitrem A and roquefortine poisoning in a dog
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