National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act
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The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) of 1986 (42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to 300aa-34) was enacted in the United States to reduce the potential financial liability of vaccine makers due to vaccine injury claims. The legislation was aimed at ensuring a stable market supply, and to provide cost-effective arbitration for vaccine injury claims. Under the NCVIA, the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) was created to provide a federal no-fault system for compensating vaccine-related injuries or death by establishing a claim procedure involving the United States Court of Federal Claims and special masters.
NCVIA provisions
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
The NCVIA also mandates that all health care providers must report certain adverse events following vaccination to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).
The NCVIA also established a committee from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review the existing literature on vaccine adverse events occurring after immunization, regardless of whether there was a direct link between events.
National Vaccine Program Office
As a result of the NCVIA, the National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) was established within the DHHS. The NVPO is responsible for coordinating immunization-related activities between all DHHS agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
Vaccine Information Statements
The NCVIA requires all health care providers who administer vaccines containing diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b and varicella must provide a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) to the vaccine recipient, their parent or legal guardian prior to each dose.
A VIS must be given with every vaccination, including each dose in a multi-dose series. Each VIS contains a brief description of the disease, as well as the risks and benefits of the vaccine. Each VIS is developed by the CDC and distributed to state and local health departments as well as individual providers.
References
- HRSA.gov - 'National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act: Vaccine Injury Table', United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
- HRSA.gov - 'Commonly Asked Questions About The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program', DHHS (last updated December 18, 2002)
External links
- CDC.gov - 'Overview of Vaccine Safety', National Immunization Program
- LSU.edu - 'Vaccine Law: National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act', Louisiana State University
- VaccineSafety.edu - 'Institute for Vaccine Safety', Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
Vaccines, Vaccination, Immunization, and Inoculation | |
|---|---|
| Development | Adjuvants • Cancer vaccines • DNA vaccination • HIV • Live vector vaccine • Models • Timeline • Trial |
| Administration | ACIP • GAVI • VAERS • Vaccine court • Vaccine injury • Policy • Schedule • VSD |
| Live vaccines | Anthrax • BCG • Flu • MMR • MMRV • Polio(OPV) • Smallpox • Varicella • Yellow fever |
| Inactivated/toxoid vaccines | inactivated virus: Flu • HAV • Polio(IPV) •• inactivated bacteria/toxoid: DTwP •• conjugate: Hib • PCV |
| Other vaccines | subunit: Anthrax • DTaP • HPV •• recombinant DNA: HBV •• other: Anthrax • PPV |
| Controversy | General • A-CHAMP • MMR • NCVIA • Pox party • Safe Minds • Thiomersal |
| See also | List of vaccine topics • Epidemiology |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
