Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases (IIDDs), sometimes known as Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis[1], is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered different diseases[2].

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Idiopathic inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases from other Diseases

The list of these diseases depends of the author, but usually are included:

As MS is an active field for research, the list is not closed or definitive. For example, some diseases like Susac's syndrome (MS has an important vascular component [5]) or autoimmune variants of peripheral neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome could be included.

Some authors also think that primary progressive multiple sclerosis should be considered a different entity from standard MS[6] [7]. Others maintain the opposite[8].

Finally, also a dual classification of these diseases has been proposed, according to the shape of edges of the scars, in MS-like and ADEM-like[9]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Age

Gender

Race

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

  1. "[Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis]". Rev. Neurol. (Paris) (in French). 157 (8-9 Pt 2): 929–34. 2001. PMID 11787357. Unknown parameter |autho= ignored (help)
  2. Wingerchuk DM, Lucchinetti CF (2007). "Comparative immunopathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis". Curr. Opin. Neurol. 20 (3): 343–50. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3280be58d8. PMID 17495631.
  3. Garrido C, Levy-Gomes A, Teixeira J, Temudo T (2004). "[Schilder's disease: two new cases and a review of the literature]". Revista de neurologia (in Spanish). 39 (8): 734–8. PMID 15514902.
  4. Afifi AK, Bell WE, Menezes AH, Moore SA (1994). "Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (Schilder's disease): report of a case and review of the literature". J. Child Neurol. 9 (4): 398–403. PMID 7822732.
  5. Minagar A, Jy W, Jimenez JJ, Alexander JS (2006). "Multiple sclerosis as a vascular disease". Neurol. Res. 28 (3): 230–5. PMID 16687046.
  6. Vukusic S, Confavreux C (2003). "Primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis". J. Neurol. Sci. 206 (2): 153–5. PMID 12559503.
  7. IDressel A, Kolb AK, Elitok E, Bitsch A, Bogumil T, Kitze B, Tumani H, Weber F (2006). "Interferon-beta1b treatment modulates cytokines in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis". Acta Neurol. Scand. 114 (6): 368–73. PMID 17083335.
  8. Ebers GC (2004). "Natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis". Mult. Scler. 10 Suppl 1: S8–13, discussion S13-5. PMID 15218804.
  9. Poser CM, Brinar VV (2004). "The nature of multiple sclerosis". Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 106 (3): 159–71. PMID 15177764.

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