MNAT1

You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.

(Redirected from MNAT1 gene)
Jump to: navigation, search


Menage a trois homolog 1, cyclin H assembly factor (Xenopus laevis)
Image:PBB Protein MNAT1 image.jpg
PDB rendering based on 1g25.
Available structures:

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of proteins and nucleic acids. These data, typically obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, are submitted by biologists and biochemists from around the world, are released into the public domain, and can be accessed for free.

History

Founded in 1971 by Drs. Edgar Meyer and Walter Hamilton Brookhaven National Laboratory, management of the Protein Data Bank was transferred in 1998 to members of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB).

The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) consists of organizations that act as deposition, data processing and distribution centers for PDB data. The founding members are RCSB PDB (USA), MSD-EBI (Europe) and PDBj (Japan). The BMRB (USA) group joined the wwPDB in 2006. The mission of the wwPDB is to maintain a single Protein Data Bank Archive of macromolecular structural data that is freely and publicly available to the global community.

The PDB is a key resource in structural biology and is critical to more recent work in structural genomics.

Countless derived databases and projects have been developed to integrate and classify the PDB in terms of protein structure, protein function and protein evolution.

Growth

When the PDB was originally founded it contained just 7 protein structures. Since then it has undergone an approximate exponential growth in the number of structures, which does not show any sign of falling off.

The growth rate of the PDB has been the subject of fairly extensive analysis.

Contents

As of 26 September, 2006, the database contained 39,051 released atomic coordinate entries (or "structures"), 35,767 of that proteins, the rest being nucleic acids, nucleic acid-protein complexes, and a few other molecules. About 5,000 new structures are released each year. Data are stored in the mmCIF format specifically developed for the purpose.

Note that the database stores information about the exact location of all atoms in a large biomolecule (although, usually without the hydrogen atoms, as their positions are more of a statistical estimate); if one is only interested in sequence data, i.e. the list of amino acids making up a particular protein or the list of nucleotides making up a particular nucleic acid, the much larger databases from Swiss-Prot and the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration should be used.

Statistics

As of 11 September, 2007, the "PDB Holdings List" at RCSB reported the following statistics:

Proteins Nucleic Acids Protein/NA complexes Other Total
X-ray diffraction 36223 983 1684 24 38914
NMR 5665 781 134 7 6587
Electron microscopy 105 10 38 0 153
Other 80 4 4 2 90
Total 42073 1778 1860 33 45744

Note that theoretical models are no longer accepted in the PDB.

22461 structures in the PDB have a structure factor file. 3138 structures in the PDB have an NMR restraint file.

The current breakdown of holdings is updated weekly.

File format

Through the years the PDB file format has undergone many, many changes and revisions. Its original format was dictated by the width of computer punch cards.

This legacy format has caused many problems with the format, and consequently there are 'clean-up' projects;

The MMDB uses ASN.1 (and an XML conversion of this format). The wwPDB members RCSB PDB, MSD-EBI, and PDBj are working together to make the data uniform across the archive. Some believe this to be desirable; others argue that, without a universal repository of information (i.e., a common dictionary), it is not possible to draw comparisons.

Each structure published in PDB receives a four-character alphanumeric identifier, its PDB ID. This should not be used as an identifier for biomolecules, since often several structures for the same molecule (in different environments or conformations) are contained in PDB with different PDB IDs.

If a biologist submits structure data for a protein or nucleic acid, wwPDB staff reviews and annotates the entry. The data are then automatically checked for plausibility. The source code for this validation software has been released for free. The main data base accepts only experimentally derived structures, and not theoretically predicted ones (see protein structure prediction).

Various funding agencies and scientific journals now require scientists to submit their structure data to PDB.

Viewing the data

The structural data can be used to visualize the biomolecules with appropriate software, such as VMD, RasMol, PyMOL, Jmol, MDL Chime, QuteMol, web browser VRML plugin or any web-based software designed to visualize and analyse the protein structures such as STING. A recent desktop software addition is Sirius. The RCSB PDB website also contains resources for education, structural genomics, and related software.

References

Printed

  • H.M. Berman, K. Henrick, H. Nakamura (2003): Announcing the worldwide Protein Data Bank. Nature Structural Biology 10 (12), p. 980 PMID 14634627.
  • H.M. Berman, J. Westbrook, Z. Feng, G. Gilliland, T.N. Bhat, H. Weissig, I.N. Shindyalov, P.E. Bourne: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Research, 28 pp. 235-242 (2000). PMID 10592235
  • Bernstein FC, Koetzle TF, Williams GJ, Meyer Jr EF, Brice MD, Rodgers JR, Kennard O, Shimanouchi T, Tasumi M. The Protein Data Bank: a computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures. J Mol Biol 1977;112:535-542. PMID 875032.
  • E.F. Meyer “The First Years of the Protein Data Bank“, Protein Science 6:1591-1597 (1997)
  • Sussman, JL, Lin, D, Jiang, J, Manning, NO, Prilusky, J, Ritter, O & Abola, EE. Protein data bank (PDB): a database of 3D structural information of biological macromolecules. Acta Cryst 1998; D54:1078-1084. PMID 10089483.

Online

Other external links

Links to enzyme database data

  • [1] The best mapping is provided by Kim Henrick's group at EBI as part of the MSD SIFTS initiative.
  • [2] PDB provide a mapping on their beta site, but it is at the whole PDB level not chain level.
  • [3] Search at BRENDA enzyme database portal.
  • [4] PDBSProtEC:

Molecular graphic visualisation tools

Identifiers
Symbol(s) MNAT1; MAT1; RNF66
External IDs OMIM: 602659 MGI106207 Homologene1821
RNA expression pattern

Image:PBB GE MNAT1 203565 s at tn.png

More reference expression data

Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 4331 17420
Ensembl ENSG00000020426 ENSMUSG00000021103
Uniprot P51948 Q14BS9
Refseq NM_002431 (mRNA)
NP_002422 (protein)
NM_008612 (mRNA)
NP_032638 (protein)
Location Chr 14: 60.27 - 60.51 Mb Chr 12: 74.04 - 74.19 Mb
Pubmed search [5] [6]

Menage a trois homolog 1, cyclin H assembly factor (Xenopus laevis), also known as MNAT1, is a human gene.


Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in cell cycle control of eukaryotic cells, are phosphorylated and thus activated by the CDK-activating kinase (CAK). CAK is a multisubunit protein that includes CDK7 (MIM 601955), cyclin H (CCNH; MIM 601953), and MAT1. MAT1 (for 'menage a trois-1') is involved in the assembly of the CAK complex.[supplied by OMIM][1]


References

Further reading

  • Jeang KT (1998). "Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription.". J. Biomed. Sci. 5 (1): 24-7. PMID 9570510.
  • Yankulov K, Bentley D (1998). "Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation.". Curr. Biol. 8 (13): R447-9. PMID 9651670.
  • Le Goff P, Montano MM, Schodin DJ, Katzenellenbogen BS (1994). "Phosphorylation of the human estrogen receptor. Identification of hormone-regulated sites and examination of their influence on transcriptional activity.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (6): 4458-66. PMID 8308015.
  • Yee A, Nichols MA, Wu L, et al. (1996). "Molecular cloning of CDK7-associated human MAT1, a cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) assembly factor.". Cancer Res. 55 (24): 6058-62. PMID 8521393.
  • Tassan JP, Jaquenoud M, Fry AM, et al. (1996). "In vitro assembly of a functional human CDK7-cyclin H complex requires MAT1, a novel 36 kDa RING finger protein.". EMBO J. 14 (22): 5608-17. PMID 8521818.
  • Blau J, Xiao H, McCracken S, et al. (1996). "Three functional classes of transcriptional activation domain.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (5): 2044-55. PMID 8628270.
  • Reardon JT, Ge H, Gibbs E, et al. (1996). "Isolation and characterization of two human transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-related complexes: ERCC2/CAK and TFIIH.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (13): 6482-7. PMID 8692841.
  • Drapkin R, Le Roy G, Cho H, et al. (1996). "Human cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase exists in three distinct complexes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (13): 6488-93. PMID 8692842.
  • Zhou Q, Sharp PA (1996). "Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat.". Science 274 (5287): 605-10. PMID 8849451.
  • Parada CA, Roeder RG (1996). "Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain.". Nature 384 (6607): 375-8. doi:10.1038/384375a0. PMID 8934526.
  • García-Martínez LF, Ivanov D, Gaynor RB (1997). "Association of Tat with purified HIV-1 and HIV-2 transcription preinitiation complexes.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (11): 6951-8. PMID 9054383.
  • Marinoni JC, Roy R, Vermeulen W, et al. (1997). "Cloning and characterization of p52, the fifth subunit of the core of the transcription/DNA repair factor TFIIH.". EMBO J. 16 (5): 1093-102. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.5.1093. PMID 9118947.
  • Cujec TP, Cho H, Maldonado E, et al. (1997). "The human immunodeficiency virus transactivator Tat interacts with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (4): 1817-23. PMID 9121429.
  • Rossignol M, Kolb-Cheynel I, Egly JM (1997). "Substrate specificity of the cdk-activating kinase (CAK) is altered upon association with TFIIH.". EMBO J. 16 (7): 1628-37. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.7.1628. PMID 9130708.
  • García-Martínez LF, Mavankal G, Neveu JM, et al. (1997). "Purification of a Tat-associated kinase reveals a TFIIH complex that modulates HIV-1 transcription.". EMBO J. 16 (10): 2836-50. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.10.2836. PMID 9184228.
  • Nekhai S, Shukla RR, Kumar A (1997). "A human primary T-lymphocyte-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-associated kinase phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and induces CAK activity.". J. Virol. 71 (10): 7436-41. PMID 9311822.
  • Cujec TP, Okamoto H, Fujinaga K, et al. (1997). "The HIV transactivator TAT binds to the CDK-activating kinase and activates the phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.". Genes Dev. 11 (20): 2645-57. PMID 9334327.
  • Inamoto S, Segil N, Pan ZQ, et al. (1997). "The cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) assembly factor, MAT1, targets and enhances CAK activity on the POU domains of octamer transcription factors.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (47): 29852-8. PMID 9368058.
  • Ko LJ, Shieh SY, Chen X, et al. (1997). "p53 is phosphorylated by CDK7-cyclin H in a p36MAT1-dependent manner.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (12): 7220-9. PMID 9372954.
  • Eki T, Okumura K, Abe M, et al. (1998). "Mapping of the human genes encoding cyclin H (CCNH) and the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) assembly factor MAT1 (MNAT1) to chromosome bands 5q13.3-q14 and 14q23, respectively.". Genomics 47 (1): 115-20. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5053. PMID 9465303.

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .

Personal tools