Levallorphan

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Levallorphan
Systematic (IUPAC) name
17-Allylmorphinan-3-ol
Identifiers
CAS number	152-02-3
ATC code	?
PubChem	5359371
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₃H₃₁N O₇
Mol. mass	433.494 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	?

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Levallorphan (INN) (Lorfan) is a drug which acts as an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, with mainly antagonist effects. It is derived from the morphinan family of drugs.

Levallorphan used to be widely used in general anaesthesia, mainly to reverse the respiratory depression produced by the opioid analgesics and barbiturates which are used for induction of surgical anaesthesia, although it is now less common as the newer drug naloxone tends to be used instead. It was also used in combination with opioids to reduce their side effects, mainly in obstetrics, and when a very small dose of levallorphan is used alongside an opioid full agonist this can in fact produce greater analgesia than when the agonist is used by itself.^[1] The combination of levallorphan with pethidine (meperidine) was indeed used so frequently that a standardised formulation was made available, known as "Pethilorfan".^[2]

References

↑ Bullough J. Use of premixed pethidine and antagonists in obstetrical analgesia; with special reference to cases in which levallorphan was used. British Medical Journal. 1959 Oct 31;2(5156):859-62. PMID 13805887
↑ Williams G, Cope I. An evaluation of a combination of pethidine and levallorphan ("pethilorfan") in labour. Medical Journal of Australia. 1962 Sep 29;49(2):499-503. PMID 14000851

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Opioids (N02A)

Opiate
derivatives

Whole Opium Preparations	Dover's Powder • Granulated Opium • Laudanum • Mithridate • Opium • Paregoric • Poppy Straw Concentrate • Poppy tea • Powdered Opium • Raw Opium • Smoking Opium
Natural Opiates	Codeine • Morphine • Narceine • Noscapine • Omnopon • Oripavine • Pantopon • Papaveretum • Pseudomorphine • Tetrapon • Thebaine
Semisynthetics	2,4-Dinitrophenylmorphine • 14-Hydroxyazidomorphine • 14-Ethoxymetopon • 14-Methoxymetopon • 14-Phenylpropoxymetopon • 6-Ketonalbuphine • 6-Methyldihydromorphine • 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine • 6-Methylene-14-hydroxydihydrodesoxymorphine • 8,14-Dihydroxydihydromorphinone • Acetylcodeine • Acetyldihydrocodeine • Acetylmorphone • Azidocodeine • Azidomorphine • Benzylmorphine • Chloromorphide • Clocinnamox • Codeine • Codeinone • Codorphone • Codoxime • Desocodeine • Desomorphine • Diacetyldihydromorphine • Dihydrocodeine • Dihydrocodeinone enol acetate • Dihydrohydroxycodeinone • Dihydrodesoxymorphine • Dihydroheroin • Dihydroheterocodeine • Dihydroisocodeine • Dihydromorphine • Dibutanoylmorphine • Dipropanoylmorphine • Ethyldihydromorphinone • Ethyldihydromorphine • Ethylmorphine • Heroin (Diamorphine) • Heroin-7,8-Oxide • Heterocodeine • Hydrocodone • Hydromorphinol • Hydromorphone • Isocodeine • Methyldesorphine • Methyldihydromorphine • Methylnaltrexone • Metopon • Morphinone • Myrophine • N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon • Nalbuphine • Nalfurafine • Nalmefene • Nalodeine • Nalorphine • Naloxone • Naltrexone • Naltrindole • Nicocodeine • Nicodicodeine • Nicomorphine • Oxycodone • Oxymorphone • Pholcodine • Semorphone • Thebacon
Opiate metabolites	Codeine-N-Oxide • Morphine-3-glucuronide • Morphine-6-glucuronide • Monoacetylmorphine • Morphine-N-Oxide • Naltrexol • Norcodeine • Normorphine

Morphinans

Aknadinine • Butorphanol • Cyclorphan • Cyprodime • Dextro-3-hydroxy-N-allylmorphinan • Dextromethorphan • Dextrorphan • Dimemorfan • Drotebanol • Levargorphan • Levallorphan • Levorphanol • Levorphan • Levophenacylmorphan • Levomethorphan • Norlevorphanol • Oxilorphan • Phenomorphan • Racemethorphan • Racemorphan • Salutaridine (Sinoacutine) • Sinococuline • Sinomenine (Cocculine)

Benzomorphans

5,9-DEHB • Anazocine • Bremazocine • Cogazocine • Cyclazocine • Dezocine • Eptazocine • Etazocine • Ethylketocyclazocine • Fluorophen • Ketazocine • Metazocine • Pentazocine • Phenazocine • Quadazocine • Thiazocine

4-Phenylpiperidines

Pethidines (Meperidines)	Allylnorpethidine • Anileridine • Benzethidine • Carperidine • Difenoxin • Diphenoxylate • Etoxeridine (Carbetidine) • Furethidine • Hydroxypethidine (Bemidone) • Hydroxymethoxypethidine • Morpheridine • Oxpheneridine (Carbamethidine) • Meperidine-N-Oxide • Pethidine (Meperidine) • Pethidine Intermediate A • Pethidine Intermediate B (Norpethidine) • Pethidine Intermediate C (Pethidinic Acid) • Pheneridine • Phenoperidine • Piminodine • Properidine (Ipropethidine) • Sameridine
Prodines	Allylprodine • α-meprodine • α-prodine • β-meprodine • β-prodine • Isopromedol • Meprodine • MPPP • PEPAP • Prodine • Prosidol • Trimeperidine (Promedol)
Ketobemidones	Acetoxyketobemidone • Droxypropine • Ketobemidone • Methylketobemidone • Propylketobemidone
Others	Alvimopan • Loperamide • Picenadol

Open Chain
Opioids

Amidones	Dextromethadone • Dipipanone • Hexalgon • Isomethadone • Levomethadone • Methadone • Methadone intermediate • Normethadone • Norpipanone • Phenadoxone (Heptazone) • Pipidone
Methadols	Acetylmethadol • α-methadol • α-acetylmethadol • β-methadol • β-acetylmethadol • Dimepheptanol (Racemethadol) • Levo-α-acetylmethadol • Noracymethadol
Moramides	Dextromoramide • Levomoramide • Moramide intermediate • Racemoramide
Thiambutenes	Thiambutene • Diethylthiambutene • Dimethylthiambutene • Ethylmethylthiambutene • Tipepidine
Phenalkoxams	Dextropropoxyphene • Dimenoxadol • Dioxaphetyl Butyrate • Levopropoxyphene • Propoxyphene
Ampromides	Diampromide • Phenampromide • Propiram
Others	IC-26 • Lefetamine • R-4066