Kussmaul breathing

(Redirected from Kussmaul respirations)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for Kussmaul breathing

Articles

Most recent articles on Kussmaul breathing

Most cited articles on Kussmaul breathing

Review articles on Kussmaul breathing

Articles on Kussmaul breathing in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Kussmaul breathing

Images of Kussmaul breathing

Photos of Kussmaul breathing

Podcasts & MP3s on Kussmaul breathing

Videos on Kussmaul breathing

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Kussmaul breathing

Bandolier on Kussmaul breathing

TRIP on Kussmaul breathing

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Kussmaul breathing at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Kussmaul breathing

Clinical Trials on Kussmaul breathing at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Kussmaul breathing

NICE Guidance on Kussmaul breathing

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Kussmaul breathing

CDC on Kussmaul breathing

Books

Books on Kussmaul breathing

News

Kussmaul breathing in the news

Be alerted to news on Kussmaul breathing

News trends on Kussmaul breathing

Commentary

Blogs on Kussmaul breathing

Definitions

Definitions of Kussmaul breathing

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Kussmaul breathing

Discussion groups on Kussmaul breathing

Patient Handouts on Kussmaul breathing

Directions to Hospitals Treating Kussmaul breathing

Risk calculators and risk factors for Kussmaul breathing

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Kussmaul breathing

Causes & Risk Factors for Kussmaul breathing

Diagnostic studies for Kussmaul breathing

Treatment of Kussmaul breathing

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Kussmaul breathing

International

Kussmaul breathing en Espanol

Kussmaul breathing en Francais

Business

Kussmaul breathing in the Marketplace

Patents on Kussmaul breathing

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Kussmaul breathing

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [4]

Synonyms and keywords: Kussmaul respiration

Overview

Kussmaul breathing is the very deep and labored breathing with normal or reduced frequency,[1] found among people with severe metabolic acidosis; it is a form of hyperventilation.[2]

Historical Perspective

Kussmaul breathing is named for Adolph Kussmaul, the 19th century German Physician who first noted it among patients with advanced diabetes (usually type I). He published his finding in a classic 1874 paper.[3]

Pathophysiology

The cause of Kussmaul breathing is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis. Blood gases on a patient with Kussmaul breathing will show a low pCO2 because of a forced increased respiration (blowing off the carbon dioxide). The patient feels an urge to breathe deeply, an "air hunger", and it appears almost involuntary.

A metabolic acidosis soon produces hyperventilation, but at first it will tend to be rapid and relatively shallow. Kussmaul breathing develops as the acidosis grows more severe. Indeed, Kussmaul originally indentified this type of breathing as a sign of coma and imminent death in diabetic patients.

Duration of fasting, presence or absence of hepatomegaly and Kussmaul breathing provide clues to the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia in the inborn errors of metabolism.[4]

References

  1. Kussmaul breathing has reduced or normal frequency, not increased, see [1], [2], [3] etc. Note that this occurs only in advanced stages of acidosis, and is farely rarely reached. In less severe cased of acidosis, rapid, shallow breathing is seen. Kussmaul breathing is a kind of very deep, gasping, desperate breathing.
  2. Hyperventilation means breathing that is faster and/or deeper than normal. Kussmaul breathing is deep but not fast (i.e no tachypnea).
  3. A. Kussmaul: Zur Lehre vom Diabetes mellitus. Über eine eigenthümliche Todesart bei Diabetischen, über Acetonämie, Glycerin-Behandlung des Diabetes und Einspritzungen von Diastase in’s Blut bei dieser Krankheit., Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin, Leipzig, 1874, 14: 1-46. English translation in Ralph Hermon Major (1884-1970), Classic Descriptions of Disease. Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 1932. 2nd edition, 1939, 3rd edition, 1945.
  4. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Pediatrics, 18th Edition, Page:989


Template:WikiDoc Sources