C-Jun N-terminal kinases
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MAPK8 |
| Alt. Symbols | PRKM8 |
| Entrez | 5599 |
| HUGO | 6881 |
| OMIM | 601158 |
| RefSeq | NM_002750 |
| UniProt | P45983 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 10 q11.2 |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MAPK9 |
| Alt. Symbols | PRKM9 |
| Entrez | 5601 |
| HUGO | 6886 |
| OMIM | 602896 |
| RefSeq | NM_002752 |
| UniProt | P45984 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 5 q35 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 10
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MAPK10 |
| Alt. Symbols | PRKM10 |
| Entrez | 5602 |
| HUGO | 6872 |
| OMIM | 602897 |
| RefSeq | NM_002753 |
| UniProt | P53779 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 4 q22-q23 |
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Overview
C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), originally identified as kinases that bind and phosphosphorylate c-Jun on Ser63 and Ser73 within its transcriptional activation domain, are mitogen-activated protein kinases which are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in T cell differentiation and apoptosis.
Isoforms
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases consist of ten isoforms deriving from the three genes JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3[1]:
- JNK1 and JNK2 are ubiquitously distributed.
- By contrast, JNK3 is found mainly in neuronal tissue and testes.
Functions
JNK1 is involved in apoptosis, neurodegeneration, cell differentiation and proliferation, inflammatory conditions and cytokine production mediated by AP-1 (Activation Protein 1) such as RANTES, IL-8 and GM-CSF. [1]
Recently, JNK1 has been found to regulate Jun protein turnover by phosphorylation and activation of the ubiquitin ligase Itch.
JNKs can associate with scaffold proteins JNK Interacting Proteins as well as their upstream kinases JNKK1 and JNKK2 following their activation.
External links
References
Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (primarily EC 2.7.11) | |
|---|---|
| 2.7.11 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase - Protein kinase A - Protein kinase G - Protein kinase C (Protein kinase Mζ) - Rhodopsin - Beta adrenergic receptor - G-protein coupled receptor kinases - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent - Myosin light-chain) - Phosphorylase - Cyclin-dependent - Mitogen-activated (Extracellular signal-regulated, C-Jun N-terminal (MAPK8, MAPK9), P38 mitogen-activated protein) - MAP3K - GSK-3 - AMP-activated |
| 2.7.12 | MAP2K (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) |
| 2.7.1.37, or unknown | Anti-Mullerian hormone receptor - Ataxia telangiectasia mutated - Aurora (A, B) - Mammalian target of rapamycin - Bone morphogenetic protein receptors (1, 2) - CDKL5 - c-Raf - EIF-2 - Ribosomal s6 - Protein kinase B - PDK1 |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
