Isopentane

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Isopentane
Image:2-methylbutane-2D-skeletal.svg Image:Isopentane-3D-balls.png
General
IUPAC preferred name	Isopentane
Systematic name	2-Methylbutane
Other names	Methylbutane
Molecular formula	C5H12
SMILES	C(C)CCC
Molar mass	72.15 g/mol
Appearance	colorless liquid
CAS number	[78-78-4]
Properties
Density and phase	0.6 g/ml, liquid
Solubility in water	Immiscible
Melting point	−160 °C (113 K)
Boiling point	28 °C (301 K)
Thermodynamic data
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfHoliquid	−179 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy change of combustion, ΔcHoliquid	−3504 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, Soliquid	260.7 J·K−1·mol−1
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Highly flammable (F+) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N)
NFPA 704	4 1 0
R-phrases	R12, R51/53, R65, R66,
S-phrases	(S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S61, S62
Flash point	<−51 °C
Autoignition temperature	420 °C
Explosive limits	1.4–7.6%
RTECS number	EK4430000
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Related alkane	Isobutane Neopentane 2-Methylpentane
Related compounds	Pentane Cyclopentane
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Isopentane, C₅H₁₂, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.^[1] It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂, the others being pentane and neopentane.

Reference

1. ^  Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.  http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 1153boiling point

• Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk See Isopentane in 3D
• IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")

 

This box: view • talk • edit Alkanes
Methane CH4	|		Ethane C2H6	|		Propane C3H8	|		Butane C4H10	|		Pentane C5H12	|		Hexane C6H14
Heptane C7H16	|		Octane C8H18	|		Nonane C9H20	|		Decane C10H22	|		Undecane C11H24	|		Dodecane C12H26

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