Influenza Genome Sequencing Project

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The Influenza Genome Sequencing Project (IGSP) is an effort to dramatically improve the availability of genomic sequences and related information about the influenza (flu) viruses. The IGSP was started by Lone Simonsen (Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), David Lipman and Steven Salzberg in early 2004, when they wrote a proposal to begin sequencing large numbers of influenza viruses at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). The proposal was approved by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and new technology development began that year, led by Elodie Ghedin at TIGR. Prior to this project, only a handful of flu genomes were publicly available. The project completed its first genomes in March 2005 and has rapidly accelerated since, with over 1800 genomes now in the public domain.

The project is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) which is a component of the NIH, which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

The sequencing effort, thus far conducted entirely at the NIAID Microbial Sequencing Center at TIGR, is revealing complete genetic blueprints of thousands of known human and avian influenza viruses. TIGR and NIAID are rapidly making all sequence information publicly available through GenBank, an international, searchable online database funded by NIH.

By putting critical genome knowledge in the public domain, project leaders hope to provide researchers with the information needed to develop new vaccines, therapies and diagnostics, and improve understanding of the overall molecular evolution of influenza and other genetic factors that determine their virulence. Such knowledge could not only help mitigate the impact of annual influenza epidemics, but could also improve scientific knowledge of the emergence of pandemic flu viruses.

The TIGR/NIAID IGSP has expanded to include a growing list of collaborators, who have contributed both expertise and valuable collections of influenza isolates. Key early contributors included Peter Palese of Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York, Jill Taylor of the Wadsworth Center at the New York State Department of Health, Lance Jennings of Canterbury Health Laboratories (New Zealand), Jeff Taubenberger of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (who later moved to NIH), Richard Slemons of Ohio State University and Rob Webster of St. Jude's Children's Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. In 2006 the project was joined by Ilaria Capua of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (in Italy), who contributed a valuable collection of avian flu isolates (including multiple H5N1 strains). Nancy Cox from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Robert Couch from Baylor College of Medicine also joined the project in 2006, contributing over 150 influenza B isolates. The project will begin prospective studies of the 2007 influenza season with collaborators Florence Bourgeois and Kenneth Mandl of Children's Hospital Boston and the Harvard School of Public Health and Laurel Edelman of Surveillance Data Inc.

As of January 2007, 1813 isolates had been completely sequenced from influenza viruses that are endemic in human ("human flu") avian ("bird flu") and swine ("swine flu") populations, including many strains of H3N2 (human), H1N1 (human), and H5N1 (avian).

^[1]

Further reading

• Nature presents the initial results of this project
• Free copy of Nature paper at senior author's home page
• National Health Museum's on-line science news page summarizes the findings presented in Nature on the initial results of this project.

Sources

• Influenza Sequencing Project home page at TIGR
• Influenza Genome Sequencing Project home page at NIAID
• Influenza virus resource at NCBI (NIH)
• CDC

v • d • e Influenza
Influenza	Research - Vaccine - Avian influenza - Treatment - Genome sequencing - Season
Influenza viruses	Orthomyxoviridae - Influenza A - Influenza B - Influenza C
Subtypes of Influenza A virus	H1N1 - H1N2 - H2N2 - H3N1 - H3N2 - H3N8 - H5N1 - H5N2 - H5N3 - H5N8 - H5N9 - H7N1 - H7N2 - H7N3 - H7N4 - H7N7 - H9N2 - H10N7
H5N1	Genetic structure - Transmission and infection - Global spread - Clinical Trials - Human mortality
Antiviral drugs	Arbidol - adamantane derivatives (Amantadine, Rimantadine) - neuraminidase inhibitors (Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir) Experimental (Peramivir)
Influenza vaccines	FluMist - Fluzone
Influenza pandemics	Asian Flu - Hong Kong Flu - Spanish flu - Fujian flu - Pandemic Severity Index
Outbreaks of Avian influenza	Croatia (2005) - India (2006) - UK (2007) - West Bengal (2008)
Influenza in non-human mammals	Canine influenza - Equine influenza (2007 Australian outbreak) - Swine flu

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Articles on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Most recent articles on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Most cited articles on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Review articles on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Articles on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Powerpoint slides on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Images of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Photos of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Podcasts & MP3s on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Videos on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Cochrane Collaboration on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Bandolier on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • TRIP on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Cost Effectiveness of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Cost Effectiveness of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Clinical Trials Involving Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Ongoing Trials on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Clinical Trials on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • NICE Guidance on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • CDC on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Textbook Information on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Books and Textbook Information on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Pharmacology Resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Dosing of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Drug interactions with Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Side effects of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Allergic reactions to Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Overdose information on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Carcinogenicity information on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Influenza Genome Sequencing Project in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Genetics of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Pharmacogenomics of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Proteomics of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Newstories on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Influenza Genome Sequencing Project in the news • Be alerted to news on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • News trends on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Commentary on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Blogs on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Patient Resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Patient resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Discussion groups on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Patient Handouts on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Directions to Hospitals Treating Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Risk calculators and risk factors for Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Healthcare Provider Resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Symptoms of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Causes & Risk Factors for Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Diagnostic studies for Influenza Genome Sequencing Project • Treatment of Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	CME Programs on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
International Resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Influenza Genome Sequencing Project en Espanol • Influenza Genome Sequencing Project en Francais
Business Resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	Influenza Genome Sequencing Project in the Marketplace • Patents on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
Informatics Resources on Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	List of terms related to Influenza Genome Sequencing Project

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .