Inferior vena cava syndrome

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Inferior vena cava syndrome Classification and external resources
Magnetic resonance imaging: There is massive extension of renal cell carcinoma into the inferior vena cava (arrows). Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
ICD-10	I87.1
eMedicine	emerg/2718

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Inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS) is a result of obstruction of the inferior vena cava. It can be caused by invasion or compression by a pathological process or by thrombosis in the vein itself.

Frequency

Epidemiological data is elusive owing to the wide variety of clinical presentation. In the U.S., incidence is estimated to be at 5–10 cases per 100'000 per year.

Causes

• Obstruction by deep vein thrombosis or tumors (most commonly renal cell carcinoma)
• Compression through external pressure by neighbouring structures or tumors, either by significantly compressing the vein or by promoting thrombosis by causing turbulence by disturbing the blood flow. This is quite common during the third trimester of pregnancy when the uterus compresses the vein in the right side position.
• Iatrogenic causes may be suspected in patients with a medical history of liver transplantation, vascular catheters, dialysis and other invasive procedures in the vicinity
• Budd-Chiari syndrome

Symptoms

IVCS presents with a wide variety of signs and symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose clinically.

• Edema of the lower extremities
• Tachycardia
• In pregnant women, signs of fetal hypoxia and distress may be seen in the CTG

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Articles on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Most recent articles on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Most cited articles on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Review articles on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Articles on Inferior vena cava syndrome in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Powerpoint slides on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Images of Inferior vena cava syndrome • Photos of Inferior vena cava syndrome • Podcasts & MP3s on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Videos on Inferior vena cava syndrome
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Inferior vena cava syndrome	Cochrane Collaboration on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Bandolier on Inferior vena cava syndrome • TRIP on Inferior vena cava syndrome
Cost Effectiveness of Inferior vena cava syndrome	Cost Effectiveness of Inferior vena cava syndrome
Clinical Trials Involving Inferior vena cava syndrome	Ongoing Trials on Inferior vena cava syndrome at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Clinical Trials on Inferior vena cava syndrome at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Inferior vena cava syndrome	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Inferior vena cava syndrome • NICE Guidance on Inferior vena cava syndrome • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Inferior vena cava syndrome • CDC on Inferior vena cava syndrome
Textbook Information on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Books and Textbook Information on Inferior vena cava syndrome
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Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Inferior vena cava syndrome	Genetics of Inferior vena cava syndrome • Pharmacogenomics of Inferior vena cava syndrome • Proteomics of Inferior vena cava syndrome
Newstories on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Inferior vena cava syndrome in the news • Be alerted to news on Inferior vena cava syndrome • News trends on Inferior vena cava syndrome
Commentary on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Blogs on Inferior vena cava syndrome
Patient Resources on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Patient resources on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Discussion groups on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Patient Handouts on Inferior vena cava syndrome • Directions to Hospitals Treating Inferior vena cava syndrome • Risk calculators and risk factors for Inferior vena cava syndrome
Healthcare Provider Resources on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Symptoms of Inferior vena cava syndrome • Causes & Risk Factors for Inferior vena cava syndrome • Diagnostic studies for Inferior vena cava syndrome • Treatment of Inferior vena cava syndrome
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Inferior vena cava syndrome	CME Programs on Inferior vena cava syndrome
International Resources on Inferior vena cava syndrome	Inferior vena cava syndrome en Espanol • Inferior vena cava syndrome en Francais
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