Hyaluronidase
| 220px | |
| Hyaluronidase
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| Sheep hyaluronidase | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | B06 |
| PubChem | ? |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C2455H3775N617O704S21 |
| Mol. mass | 53870.9 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
C |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | subcutaneous |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
The hyaluronidases (EC 3.2.1.35) are a family of enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid.
By catalyzing the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid, a major constituent of the interstitial barrier, hyaluronidase lowers the viscosity of hyaluronic acid, thereby increasing tissue permeability. It is, therefore, used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs in order to speed their dispersion and delivery. The most common application is in ophthalmic surgery, in which it is used in combination with local anesthetics. It also increases the absorption rate of parenteral fluids given by hypodermoclysis, and is an adjunct in subcutaneous urography for improving resorption of radiopaque agents. Hyalurodinase is also used for extravastation of hyperosmolar solutions. usually a 0.2 ml of the drug is injected around the area of extravastation, Total of 1 ml is used.
Some bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Clostridium perfringens, produce hyaluronidase as a means for greater mobility through the body's tissues and as an antigenic disguise that prevents their being recognized by phagocytes of the immune system.
In most mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, by digesting proteins in the zona pellucida, thus enabling conception.
Brand names of animal-derived hyaluronidase include Vitrase® (ISTA Pharmaceuticals), Amphadase® (Amphastar Pharmaceuticals) and Wydase®. Wydase®, however, is no longer manufactured. On December 2, 2005, the FDA approved a recombinant hyaluronidase, Hylenex® (Halozyme Therapeutics).
External links
Hydrolase: sugar hydrolases (EC 3.2) | |
|---|---|
| 3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolases | Amylase (Alpha-Amylase) - Chitinase - Lysozyme - Neuraminidase - Galactosidases (Alpha, Beta) - alpha-Mannosidase - Glucuronidase - Hyaluronidase - Pullulanase - Glucocerebrosidase - Galactosylceramidase - Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase - Fucosidase - Hexosaminidase - Iduronidase - Disaccharidase (Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase, Maltase, Trehalase, Lactase) - Glucosidases (Cellulase, Alpha-glucosidase, Beta-glucosidase, Debranching enzyme) |
| 3.2.2: Hydrolysing N-Glycosyl compounds | DNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase |
Table of Contents In Alphabetical Order | By Individual Diseases | Signs and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Lab Tests | Drugs
Editor Tools Become an Editor | Editors Help Menu | Create a Page | Edit a Page | Upload a Picture or File | Printable version | Permanent link | Maintain Pages | What Pages Link HereThere is no pharmaceutical or device industry support for this site and we need your viewer supported Donations | Editorial Board | Governance | Licensing | Disclaimers | Avoid Plagiarism | Policies
