Heptane
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| Heptane | |
|---|---|
| Image:Heptane-2D-Skeletal.svg | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| RTECS number | MI7700000 |
| SMILES | CCCCCCC |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C7H16 |
| Molar mass | 100.21 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.684 g/ml, liquid |
| Melting point |
−90.61 °C (182.55 K) |
| Boiling point |
98.42 °C (371.58 K) |
| Solubility in water | Immiscible |
| Viscosity | 0.386 cP at 25 °C |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Flammable (F) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| R-phrases | R11, R38, |
| S-phrases | (S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S60, S61, S62 |
| Flash point | −4 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 285 °C |
| Related Compounds | |
| Related alkanes | Hexane Octane |
| Related compounds | Methylcyclohexane Cycloheptane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Heptane (also known as dipropyl methane, gettysolve-C or heptyl hydride) is an alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3. Heptane has nine isomers, or eleven if enantiomers are counted:
- Heptane (n-heptane), CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, straight chain of seven carbon atoms.
- 2-Methylhexane, CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3, chain of six carbon atoms, and a methyl group attached to the second.
- 3-Methylhexane, CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3 (chiral), chain of six carbon atoms, and a methyl group attached to the third.
- 2,2-Dimethylpentane, CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3, chain of five carbon atoms, and two methyl groups attached to the second.
- 2,3-Dimethylpentane, CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3 (chiral), chain of five carbon atoms, and methyl groups attached to the second and third.
- 2,4-Dimethylpentane, CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH3, chain of five carbon atoms, and methyl groups attached to the second and fourth.
- 3,3-Dimethylpentane, CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH3, chain of five carbon atoms, and two methyl groups attached to the third.
- 3-Ethylpentane, CH3CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3, chain of five carbons, and an ethyl group attached to the third.
- 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane, CH3C(CH3)2CH(CH3)CH3, chain of four carbon atoms, with two methyl groups attached to the second, and one to the third.[1]
The straight-chain isomer n-heptane is the zero point of the octane rating scale. It is undesirable in petrol, as it burns explosively, causing engine knocking, as opposed to branched-chain octane isomers, which burn more slowly and give better performance. Its choice for the zero point of the scale was due to the availability of very high purity n-heptane, unmixed with other isomers of heptane or other alkanes, distilled from the resin of Jeffrey Pine. Other sources of heptane and octane, produced from crude oil, contain a mixture of different isomers with greatly differing ratings, so do not give a precise zero point.
Uses
Heptane, as well as its many isomers, are widely applied in laboratories as a totally non-polar solvent. Being a liquid, it is ideal for transport and storage. In the grease spot test, heptane is used to dissolve the oil spot to show the previous presence of organic compounds on a stained paper. This is done by shaking the stained paper in a heptane solution for about half a minute.
Heptane is also used as a medium to distinguish bromine from iodine from aqueous mixtures. While both bromine and iodine appear brown in aqueous media, bromine remains brown when dissolved in heptane, while iodine turns purple when mixed with heptane.
Heptane is commercially available as the rubber cement solvent Bestine.
References
 |
This article does not cite any references or sources. ({{subst:MONTHOFYEAR}} {{subst:YEAR}}) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0657 (n-heptane)
- International Chemical Safety Card 0658 (2-methylhexane)
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
- European Chemicals Bureau
- Material Safety Data Sheet for Heptane
- Phytochemical database entry
| Alkanes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Methane |
| |
Ethane |
| |
Propane |
| |
Butane |
| |
Pentane |
| |
Hexane | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Heptane |
| |
Octane |
| |
Nonane |
| |
Decane |
| |
Undecane |
| |
Dodecane |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
de:Heptan et:Heptaaneo:Heptano fr:Heptane it:Eptano ku:Heptan lv:Heptāns hu:Heptán nl:Heptaan ja:ヘプタンsr:Хептан fi:Heptaani sv:Heptan vi:Heptan
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
