Heartburn natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2] José Eduardo Riceto Loyola Junior, M.D.[3]

Overview

the natural history of heartburn depends on its cause. The most common cause is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) which, if left untreated, 20% of patients with GERD may progress to develop esophageal stricture due to excessive acid in the lower esophagus. Complications of GERD include:

Prognosis of GERD is good with the appropriate treatment.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

Complication

Complications that can develop as a result of GERD include the following:[2]

Prognosis

  • The majority of patients with GERD respond to nonsurgical measures, with lifestyle changes and medications. However, many patients need to continue to take drugs to control their symptoms.
  • Prognosis of heartburn as a symptom of other diseases is more variable.
  • Scleroderma is a progressive disease with poor prognosis.[3]
  • Acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening conditions that can present with variable prognosis when properly treated. Prognosis tend to be poor and may lead to death or severe heart failure if not treated.Harjola, Veli‐Pekka, et al. "Acute coronary syndromes and acute heart failure: a diagnostic dilemma and high‐risk combination. A statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology." European Journal of Heart Failure (2020).

References

  1. Sonnenberg A, El-Serag HB (1999). "Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease". Yale J Biol Med. 72 (2–3): 81–92. PMC 2579001. PMID 10780569.
  2. El-Serag HB, Graham DY, Satia JA, Rabeneck L (2005). "Obesity is an independent risk factor for GERD symptoms and erosive esophagitis". Am J Gastroenterol. 100 (6): 1243–50. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41703.x. PMID 15929752.
  3. "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 28613625.