Gas gangrene
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| Gas gangrene Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A48.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 040.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 31141 |
| eMedicine | med/843 emerg/211 med/394 |
| MeSH | D005738 |
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Overview
Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas within tissues in gangrene. It is a deadly form of gangrene usually caused by Clostridium bacteria. It is a medical emergency.
Features
Gas gangrene can cause myonecrosis, gas production, and sepsis. Progression to toxemia and shock is often very rapid.
Pathophysiology
Gas gangrene is caused by exotoxin-producing Clostridial species (most often Clostridium perfringens), which is mostly found in soil but also found as normal gut flora, and other anaerobes (e.g. Bacteroides and anaerobic streptococci). The exotoxin is commonly found in C. perfringens type A strain and is known as alpha toxin. These environmental bacteria may enter the muscle through a wound and go on to proliferate in necrotic tissue and secrete powerful toxins. These toxins destroy nearby tissue, generating gas at the same time.
A gas composition of 5.9% hydrogen, 3.4% carbon dioxide, 74.5% nitrogen and 16.1% oxygen was reported in one clinical case.[1]
Treatment
Treatment is usually debridement and excision with amputation necessary in many cases. Antibiotics alone are not effective because they don't penetrate ischemic muscles enough to be effective. However, penicillin is given as an adjuvant treatment to surgery. In addition to surgery and antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used and acts to inhibit the growth of and kill the anaerobic C. perfringens.
References
- ↑ ^ Chi CH, Chen KW, Huang JJ, Chuang YC, Wu MH (1995). "Gas composition in Clostridium septicum gas gangrene". J Formos Med Assoc 94 (12): 757-9. PMID 8541740.
External links
WikiDoc Research Resources for Gas gangrene | |
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| Articles on Gas gangrene | Most recent articles on Gas gangrene • Most cited articles on Gas gangrene • Review articles on Gas gangrene • Articles on Gas gangrene in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Gas gangrene | Powerpoint slides on Gas gangrene • Images of Gas gangrene • Photos of Gas gangrene • Podcasts & MP3s on Gas gangrene • Videos on Gas gangrene |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Gas gangrene | Cochrane Collaboration on Gas gangrene • Bandolier on Gas gangrene • TRIP on Gas gangrene |
| Cost Effectiveness of Gas gangrene | Cost Effectiveness of Gas gangrene |
| Clinical Trials Involving Gas gangrene | Ongoing Trials on Gas gangrene at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Gas gangrene • Clinical Trials on Gas gangrene at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Gas gangrene | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gas gangrene • NICE Guidance on Gas gangrene • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Gas gangrene • CDC on Gas gangrene |
| Textbook Information on Gas gangrene | Books and Textbook Information on Gas gangrene |
| Pharmacology Resources on Gas gangrene | Dosing of Gas gangrene • Drug interactions with Gas gangrene • Side effects of Gas gangrene • Allergic reactions to Gas gangrene • Overdose information on Gas gangrene • Carcinogenicity information on Gas gangrene • Gas gangrene in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Gas gangrene • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Gas gangrene | Genetics of Gas gangrene • Pharmacogenomics of Gas gangrene • Proteomics of Gas gangrene |
| Newstories on Gas gangrene | Gas gangrene in the news • Be alerted to news on Gas gangrene • News trends on Gas gangrene |
| Commentary on Gas gangrene | Blogs on Gas gangrene |
| Patient Resources on Gas gangrene | Patient resources on Gas gangrene • Discussion groups on Gas gangrene • Patient Handouts on Gas gangrene • Directions to Hospitals Treating Gas gangrene • Risk calculators and risk factors for Gas gangrene |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Gas gangrene | Symptoms of Gas gangrene • Causes & Risk Factors for Gas gangrene • Diagnostic studies for Gas gangrene • Treatment of Gas gangrene |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Gas gangrene | CME Programs on Gas gangrene |
| International Resources on Gas gangrene | Gas gangrene en Espanol • Gas gangrene en Francais |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
