Gentamicin
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| |
| |
| Gentamicin
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-[4,6-diamino-3- [3-amino-6-(1-methylaminoethyl) tetrahydropyran-2-yl] oxy-2-hydroxy- cyclohexoxy]-5-methyl- 4-methylamino-tetrahydropyran-3,5-diol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | D06 J01GB03, S01AA11, S02AA14, S03AA06 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H43N5O7 |
| Mol. mass | 477.596 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | limited oral bioavailability |
| Protein binding | 0-10% |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 2 hrs |
| Excretion | renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
D |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | IV/IM |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Gentamicin | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Gentamicin | |
|
Media | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Gentamicin at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Gentamicin at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gentamicin
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Gentamicin Discussion groups on Gentamicin Patient Handouts on Gentamicin Directions to Hospitals Treating Gentamicin Risk calculators and risk factors for Gentamicin
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Gentamicin | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Businness | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and can treat many types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infection. However, gentamicin is not used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis or Legionella pneumophila infections.
It is synthesized by Micromonospora, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria widely present in the environment (water and soil). Gentamicin is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by binding the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interrupting protein synthesis.
Like all aminoglycosides, when gentamicin is given orally, it is not systemically active. This is because it is not absorbed to any appreciable extent from the small intestine. It appears to be completely eliminated unchanged in the urine. Urine must be collected for many days to recover all of a given dose because the drug binds avidly to certain tissues. It is administered intravenously, intramuscularly or topically to treat infections.
E. coli has shown some resistance to gentamicin, despite being Gram-negative.
Gentamicin is one of the few heat-stable antibiotics that remain active even after autoclaving, which makes it particularly useful in the preparation of certain microbiological growth media.
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, normally gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas, Proteus, Serratia, AND Gram-positive Staphylococcus; http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/gentamicin.html
Side effects
All aminoglycosides are toxic to the sensory cells of the ear, but they vary greatly in their relative effects on hearing versus balance. Gentamicin is a vestibulotoxin, and can usually cause permanent loss of equilibrioception, caused by damage to the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear if taken at high doses or for prolonged periods of time. Gentamicin has on occasion impaired or even wholly destroyed hearing. In most instances, the affected individual has undergone treatment for 2 weeks or more. A small number of affected individuals have a normally harmless mutation in their mitochondrial RNA, that allows the gentamicin to affect their cells. The cells of the ear are particularly sensitive to this. Gentamicin is sometimes used intentionally for this purpose in severe Ménière’s disease, to disable the vestibular apparatus.
Gentamicin can also be highly nephrotoxic, particularly if multiple doses accumulate over a course of treatment. For this reason gentamicin is usually dosed by body weight. Various formulae exist for calculating gentamicin dosage. Also trough and peak serum levels of gentamicin are monitored during treatment, generally before and after the third dose is infused.
Gentamicin, like other aminoglycosides, causes nephrotoxicity by inhibiting protein synthesis in renal cells. This mechanism specifically causes necrosis of cells in the proximal tubule, resulting in acute tubular necrosis which can lead to acute renal failure.[1]
Gentamicin producers
Gentamicin is produced by a fermentation procedure. The majority of the world's gentamicin production takes place in China and South Korea; the last European producer is Lek, part of Sandoz group [citation needed].
References
Complete Gentamicin Information at Drugs.com
Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use (D06) | |
|---|---|
| Antibiotics: tetracycline and derivatives | Demeclocycline - Chlortetracycline - Oxytetracycline - Tetracycline |
| Antibiotics: other | Fusidic acid - Chloramphenicol - Neomycin - Bacitracin - Gentamicin - Tyrothricin - Mupirocin - Nadifloxacin - Virginiamycin - Rifaximin - Amikacin |
| Chemotherapeutics: sulfonamides | Silver sulfadiazine - Sulfathiazole - Mafenide - Sulfamethizole - Sulfanilamide - Sulfamerazine |
| Chemotherapeutics: antivirals | Idoxuridine - Tromantadine - Aciclovir - Podophyllotoxin - Inosine - Penciclovir - Lysozyme - Ibacitabine - Edoxudine - Imiquimod - Docosanol |
| Chemotherapeutics: other | Metronidazole |
Antibacterials for systemic use: aminoglycosides (J01G) | |
|---|---|
| -mycin (Streptomyces) | Streptomycin • Neomycin (Framycetin, Paromomycin, Ribostamycin) • Kanamycin (Amikacin, Dibekacin, Tobramycin) • Hygromycin B • Spectinomycin |
| -micin (Micromonospora) | Gentamicin (Netilmicin, Sisomicin, Isepamicin) • Verdamicin |
Otologicals (S02) | |
|---|---|
| Anti-infectives | Chloramphenicol - Nitrofural - Boric acid - Aluminium acetotartrate - Clioquinol - Hydrogen peroxide - Neomycin - Tetracycline - Chlorhexidine - Acetic acid - Polymyxin B - Rifamycin - Miconazole - Gentamicin |
| Corticosteroids | Hydrocortisone - Prednisolone - Dexamethasone - Betamethasone |
| Other otologicals | Lidocaine - Cocaine |
bs:Gentamicin
cs:Gentamicin
de:Gentamicinfr:Gentamicine
hr:Gentamicin
hu:Gentamicin
nl:Gentamicine
ja:ゲンタマイシンsr:Гентамицин
sh:Gentamicin
th:เจนตามัยซิน
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
