Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits, each possessing transmembrane regions, and all arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. The GRIA1 belongs to a family of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. Each of the members (GRIA1-4) include flip and flop isoforms generated by alternative RNA splicing. The receptor subunits encoded by each isoform vary in their signal transduction properties. The isoform presented here is the flop isoform. In situ hybridization experiments showed that human GRIA1 mRNA is present in granule and pyramidal cells in the hippocampal formation.[3]
GRIA1 (GluR1) is centrally involved in synaptic plasticity. Expression of the GluR1 gene is significantly reduced in the human frontal cortex with increasing age.[4]
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↑Leonard AS, Davare MA, Horne MC, Garner CC, Hell JW (July 1998). "SAP97 is associated with the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor GluR1 subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (31): 19518–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19518. PMID9677374.
↑Sans N, Racca C, Petralia RS, Wang YX, McCallum J, Wenthold RJ (October 2001). "Synapse-associated protein 97 selectively associates with a subset of AMPA receptors early in their biosynthetic pathway". J. Neurosci. 21 (19): 7506–16. PMID11567040.
↑Shen L, Liang F, Walensky LD, Huganir RL (November 2000). "Regulation of AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit surface expression by a 4. 1N-linked actin cytoskeletal association". J. Neurosci. 20 (21): 7932–40. PMID11050113.
↑Kohda K, Kamiya Y, Matsuda S, Kato K, Umemori H, Yuzaki M (January 2003). "Heteromer formation of delta2 glutamate receptors with AMPA or kainate receptors". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 110 (1): 27–37. doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00561-2. PMID12573530.
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