Femur fracture
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].
Overview
A femoral fracture is a bone fracture that involves the femur. It includes hip fractures.
Classification
A femoral fracture that involves the femoral head, femoral neck or the shaft of the femur immediately below the lesser trochanter may be classified as a hip fracture, especially when associated with osteoporosis.
• Three types of femoral shaft fractures Type 1: Spiral or transverse Type 2: Comminuted Type 3: Open
Femoral shaft fractures can be classified with the Winquist and Hansen classification, which is based on the amount of comminution:[1]
- Grade I or 1: transverse or short oblique fractures with no comminution or a small butterfly fragment of less than 25% of width of the bone
- Grade II or 2: a comminuted with a butterfly fragment of 50% or less of the width of the bone
- Grade III or 3: comminuted with a large butterfly fragment of greater than 50% of the width of bone
- Grade IV or 4: Segmental comminution
Treatment
Treatment depends on the part of the femur that is fractured. Traction may be useful for femoral shaft fractures but is contraindicated in femoral neck fractures.[2]
References
- ↑ Page 612 in: Title Surgical treatment of orthopaedic trauma. Authors: James P. Stannard, Andrew H. Schmidt, Philip J. Kregor. Publisher: Thieme, 2007. ISBN 1-58890-307-9, ISBN 978-1-58890-307-5
- ↑ Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. ISBN 0-07-148480-9.