Electronegativities of the elements (data page)

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<< Chemical elements data references

Electronegativity (Pauling scale)

number	symbol	name	use	WEL	CRC	LNG
1	H	hydrogen	2.20	same
2	He	helium	no data	same
3	Li	lithium	0.98	same
4	Be	beryllium	1.57	same
5	B	boron	2.04	same
6	C	carbon	2.55	same
7	N	nitrogen	3.04	same
8	O	oxygen	3.44	same
9	F	fluorine	3.98	3.98	3.98	3.90
10	Ne	neon	no data	same
11	Na	sodium	0.93	same
12	Mg	magnesium	1.31	same
13	Al	aluminium	1.61	same
14	Si	silicon	1.90	same
15	P	phosphorus	2.19	same
16	S	sulfur	2.58	same
17	Cl	chlorine	3.16	same
18	Ar	argon	no data	same
19	K	potassium	0.82	same
20	Ca	calcium	1.00	same
21	Sc	scandium	1.36	same
22	Ti	titanium	1.54	same
23	V	vanadium	1.63	same
24	Cr	chromium	1.66	same
25	Mn	manganese	1.55	same
26	Fe	iron	1.83	same
27	Co	cobalt	1.88	same
28	Ni	nickel	1.91	same
29	Cu	copper	1.90	same
30	Zn	zinc	1.65	same
31	Ga	gallium	1.81	same
32	Ge	germanium	2.01	same
33	As	arsenic	2.18	same
34	Se	selenium	2.55	same
35	Br	bromine	2.96	same
36	Kr	krypton	3.00	3.00	no data	no data
37	Rb	rubidium	0.82	same
38	Sr	strontium	0.95	same
39	Y	yttrium	1.22	same
40	Zr	zirconium	1.33	same
41	Nb	niobium	1.6	same
42	Mo	molybdenum	2.16	same
43	Tc	technetium	1.9	1.9	2.10	2.10
44	Ru	ruthenium	2.2	same
45	Rh	rhodium	2.28	same
46	Pd	palladium	2.20	same
47	Ag	silver	1.93	same
48	Cd	cadmium	1.69	same
49	In	indium	1.78	same
50	Sn	tin	1.96	same
51	Sb	antimony	2.05	same
52	Te	tellurium	2.1	same
53	I	iodine	2.66	same
54	Xe	xenon	2.6	2.6	2.60	no data
55	Cs	caesium	0.79	same
56	Ba	barium	0.89	same
57	La	lanthanum	1.10	same
58	Ce	cerium	1.12	same
59	Pr	praseodymium	1.13	same
60	Nd	neodymium	1.14	same
61	Pm	promethium	no data	same
62	Sm	samarium	1.17	same
63	Eu	europium	no data	same
64	Gd	gadolinium	1.20	same
65	Tb	terbium	no data	same
66	Dy	dysprosium	1.22	same
67	Ho	holmium	1.23	same
68	Er	erbium	1.24	same
69	Tm	thulium	1.25	same
70	Yb	ytterbium	no data	same
71	Lu	lutetium	1.27	1.27	1.0	1.0
72	Hf	hafnium	1.3	same
73	Ta	tantalum	1.5	same
74	W	tungsten	2.36	2.36	1.7	1.7
75	Re	rhenium	1.9	same
76	Os	osmium	2.2	same
77	Ir	iridium	2.20	2.20	2.2	2.2
78	Pt	platinum	2.28	2.28	2.2	2.2
79	Au	gold	2.54	2.54	2.4	2.4
80	Hg	mercury	2.00	2.00	1.9	1.9
81	Tl	thallium	1.62	1.62	1.8	1.8
82	Pb	lead	2.33	2.33	1.8	1.8
83	Bi	bismuth	2.02	2.02	1.9	1.9
84	Po	polonium	2.0	same
85	At	astatine	2.2	same
86	Rn	radon	no data	same
87	Fr	francium	0.7	same
88	Ra	radium	0.9	same
89	Ac	actinium	1.1	same
90	Th	thorium	1.3	same
91	Pa	protactinium	1.5	same
92	U	uranium	1.38	1.38	1.7	1.7
93	Np	neptunium	1.36	1.36	1.3	1.3
94	Pu	plutonium	1.28	1.28	1.3	1.3
95	Am	americium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
96	Cm	curium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
97	Bk	berkelium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
98	Cf	californium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
99	Es	einsteinium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
100	Fm	fermium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
101	Md	mendelevium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3
102	No	nobelium	1.3	1.3	no data	1.3

Notes

• Separate values for each source are only given where one or more sources differ.
• Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set.

References

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

• A.L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1961, 17, 215.
• L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Cornell Univ., USA, 3rd ed., 1960.
• J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.

CRC

As quoted from these sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 9, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Electronegativity

• Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1960.
• Allen, L.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989.
• Allred, A.L., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 17, 215, 1961.

LNG

As quoted from these sources in: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.5, Electronegativities of the Elements.

• L. Pauling, The Chemical Bond, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1967.
• L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989).
• A. L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 17:215 (1961).