EC number
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Overview
The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
Strictly speaking, EC numbers do not specify enzymes, but enzyme-catalyzed reactions. If different enzymes (for instance from different organisms) catalyze the same reaction, then they receive the same EC number. By contrast, UniProt identifiers uniquely specify a protein by its amino acid sequence.[1]
Format of number
Every enzyme code consists of the letters "EC" followed by four numbers separated by periods. Those numbers represent a progressively finer classification of the enzyme.
For example, the tripeptide aminopeptidases have the code "EC 3.4.11.4", whose components indicate the following groups of enzymes:
- EC 3 enzymes are hydrolases (enzymes that use water to break up some other molecule)
- EC 3.4 are hydrolases that act on peptide bonds
- EC 3.4.11 are those hydrolases that cleave off the amino-terminal amino acid from a polypeptide
- EC 3.4.11.4 are those that cleave off the amino-terminal end from a tripeptide
Top level codes
| Group | Reaction catalyzed | Typical reaction | Enzyme example(s) with trivial name |
|---|---|---|---|
| EC 1 Oxidoreductases | To catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions; transfer of H and O atoms or electrons from one substance to another | AH + B → A + BH (reduced) A + O → AO (oxidized) | Dehydrogenase, oxidase |
| EC 2 Transferases | Transfer of a functional group from one substance to another. The group may be methyl-, acyl-, amino- or phosphate group | AB + C → A + BC | Transaminase, kinase |
| EC 3 Hydrolases | Formation of two products from a substrate by hydrolysis | AB + H2O → AOH + BH | Lipase, amylase, peptidase |
| EC 4 Lyases | Non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from substrates. C-C, C-N, C-O or C-S bonds may be cleaved | RCOCOOH → RCOH + CO2 | |
| EC 5 Isomerases | Intramolecule rearrangement, i.e. isomerization changes within a single molecule | AB → BA | Isomerase, mutase |
| EC 6 Ligases | Join together two molecules by synthesis of new C-O, C-S, C-N or C-C bonds with simultaneous breakdown of ATP | X + Y+ ATP → XY + ADP + Pi | Synthetase |
History
The enzyme nomenclature scheme was developed starting in 1955, when the International Congress of Biochemistry in Brussels set up an Enzyme Commission.
The first version was published in 1961.
The current sixth edition, published by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1992, contains 3196 different enzymes.
References
- ↑ ENZYME (Enzyme nomenclature database). ExPASy. Retrieved on 2006-03-14.
- ↑ Moss, G.P.. Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes by the Reactions they Catalyse. Retrieved on 2006-03-14.
See also
- TC number (classification of membrane transport proteins)
- List of enzymes
Proteins: enzymes | |
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| Topics | Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes |
| Types | EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
de:EC-Nummerid:Nomor EC it:Classificazione EC
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
