Diplopia
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| Diplopia Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | H53.2 |
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| ICD-9 | 368.2 |
| DiseasesDB | 31225 |
| eMedicine | oph/191 |
| MeSH | D004172 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753
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Overview
Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the perception of two images from a single object. The images may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal .
Complete Differential Diagnosis of Diplopia
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
Binocular Diplopia
- Abducent nerve palsy
- Anisocoria
- Botulism
- Brown's Syndrome
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
- Decompensated phoria
- Eclampsia
- Encephalitis
- Giant Cell Arteritis
- Grave's Disease
- Insulinoma
- Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
- Meningitis
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myositis of the eye muscles
- Oculomotor nerve palsy
- Orbital disease
- Orbital trauma
- Orbital tumors
- Polio
- Polyneuropathy
- Postocular surgery
- Pseudotumor cerebri
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Superior orbital fissure syndrome
- Syphilis
- Trauma
- Trochlear nerve palsy
- Vascular disorders
- Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
- Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Monocular Diplopia
- Cataract
- Corneal opacity or irregularity
- Dislocated lens or lens implant
- Extrapupillary openings
- Macular degeneration
- Nonphysiologic
- Refractive error
- Retinal detachment
Diagnosis
Binocular diplopia
Double vision can occur when the two eyes are not correctly aligned while aiming at an object, such as in esotropia and exotropia - these result in uncrossed diplopia and crossed diplopia, respectively (i.e. "crossed eyes", in esotropia, result in uncrossed diplopia). When the eyes are misaligned and aimed at different targets, two non-matching images are sent to the viewer's brain. When the viewer's brain accepts and uses two non-matching images simultaneously, double vision results.
Double vision is dangerous to survival, therefore, the brain naturally guards against its occurrence. In an attempt to avoid double vision, the brain can ignore one eye (suppression). Due to the brain's ability to suppress one eye, double vision can appear to go away without medical evaluation or treatment. The causes of the double vision are very likely still present and loss of vision in one eye can occur due to lack of treatment. The loss of vision in one eye can be temporary or permanent depending on detection and treatment. It is in this way, that diplopia contributes to loss of depth perception and binocular vision, amblyopia (lazy eye), and/or strabismus (deviating eye).
Monocular diplopia
Diplopia can also occur when viewing with only one eye; this is called monocular diplopia, or where the patient perceives more than two images, monocular polyopia. In this case, the multiple vision can be caused by a structural defect in the vision system, such as cataracts, subluxation of the crystalline lens or Keratoconus causing irregularities in the refraction of light within the eye.
Temporary diplopia
Temporary diplopia can also be caused by intoxication from alcohol or head injuries, such as concussion. If temporary double vision does not resolve quickly, one should see an eye doctor immediately. It can also be a side effect of the anti-epileptic drugs Phenytoin and Zonisamide, and the anti-convulsant drug Lamotrigine, as well as the hypnotic drug Zolpidem.
Treatment for binocular diplopia
Treatment for binocular diplopia includes prism lenses and/or vision therapy. Daily wear of prism lenses is the passive compensatory treatment. Vision therapy is an active treatment which retrains the visual and vestibular systems (brain, eye muscles, and body). Vision therapy may eliminate the need for daily wear of prism lenses.
Voluntary diplopia
Some people are able to consciously uncouple their eyes, inducing double vision on purpose. These people do not consider their double vision dangerous or harmful, and may even consider it enjoyable.
References
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
External Resources
- ^ Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990.
See also
External links
- Common Cause of Double Vision
- All About Double Vision
- All About Lazy Eye
- FAQ -- Eye Muscle Surgery Information
- Brain Injuries and Double Vision
- Some more info about diplopia
- Addtl info about diplopia
- What is Stereovision?
- What is Vision Therapy?
- VisionSimulations.com | What the world looks like to people with various diseases and conditions of the eye
- GPnotebook
WikiDoc Research Resources for Diplopia | |
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| Articles on Diplopia | Most recent articles on Diplopia • Most cited articles on Diplopia • Review articles on Diplopia • Articles on Diplopia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Diplopia | Powerpoint slides on Diplopia • Images of Diplopia • Photos of Diplopia • Podcasts & MP3s on Diplopia • Videos on Diplopia |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Diplopia | Cochrane Collaboration on Diplopia • Bandolier on Diplopia • TRIP on Diplopia |
| Cost Effectiveness of Diplopia | Cost Effectiveness of Diplopia |
| Clinical Trials Involving Diplopia | Ongoing Trials on Diplopia at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Diplopia • Clinical Trials on Diplopia at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Diplopia | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Diplopia • NICE Guidance on Diplopia • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Diplopia • CDC on Diplopia |
| Textbook Information on Diplopia | Books and Textbook Information on Diplopia |
| Pharmacology Resources on Diplopia | Dosing of Diplopia • Drug interactions with Diplopia • Side effects of Diplopia • Allergic reactions to Diplopia • Overdose information on Diplopia • Carcinogenicity information on Diplopia • Diplopia in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Diplopia • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Diplopia | Genetics of Diplopia • Pharmacogenomics of Diplopia • Proteomics of Diplopia |
| Newstories on Diplopia | Diplopia in the news • Be alerted to news on Diplopia • News trends on Diplopia |
| Commentary on Diplopia | Blogs on Diplopia |
| Patient Resources on Diplopia | Patient resources on Diplopia • Discussion groups on Diplopia • Patient Handouts on Diplopia • Directions to Hospitals Treating Diplopia • Risk calculators and risk factors for Diplopia |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Diplopia | Symptoms of Diplopia • Causes & Risk Factors for Diplopia • Diagnostic studies for Diplopia • Treatment of Diplopia |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Diplopia | CME Programs on Diplopia |
| International Resources on Diplopia | Diplopia en Espanol • Diplopia en Francais |
| Business Resources on Diplopia | Diplopia in the Marketplace • Patents on Diplopia |
| Informatics Resources on Diplopia | List of terms related to Diplopia |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
