Cholangiocarcinoma staging
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Cholangiocarcinoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Staging |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cholangiocarcinoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cholangiocarcinoma staging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cholangiocarcinoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Staging
Although there are at least 3 staging systems for cholangiocarcinoma (e.g. Bismuth, Blumgart, American Joint Committee on Cancer) none have been shown to be useful in predicting survival.[1] The most important staging issue is whether the tumor can be surgically removed, or whether it is too advanced or invasive for surgical treatment. Often, this determination can only be made at the time of surgery.
General guidelines for operability include:[2][3]
- Absence of lymph node or liver metastases
- Absence of involvement of the portal vein
- Absence of direct invasion of adjacent organs
- Absence of widespread metastatic disease
References
- ↑ Zervos E, Osborne D, Goldin S, Villadolid D, Thometz D, Durkin A, Carey L, Rosemurgy A (2005). "Stage does not predict survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinomas promoting an aggressive operative approach". Am J Surg 190 (5): 810-5. PMID 16226963.
- ↑ Tsao J, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Hayakawa N, Kondo S, Nagino M, Miyachi M, Kanai M, Uesaka K, Oda K, Rossi R, Braasch J, Dugan J (2000). "Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of an American and a Japanese experience". Ann Surg 232 (2): 166-74. PMID 10903592.
- ↑ Rajagopalan V, Daines W, Grossbard M, Kozuch P (2004). "Gallbladder and biliary tract carcinoma: A comprehensive update, Part 1". Oncology (Williston Park) 18 (7): 889-96. PMID 15255172.
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